Alimentary canal
Fauces
(at the rear of the mouth) forms arched area containing palatine tonsils. Opens into oropharynx.
intrinsic salivary glands
(buccal glands)-scattered throughout the oral cavity mucosa
Splanchnic circulation >> Intraperitoneal
arteries that branch off the abdominal aorta to serve the digestive organs and heptic portal circulation
Chemical digestion-
catabolic breakdown of food.
Pericaditis
condition in which the pericardium becomes inflamed (around the heart).
Visceral
covers the external surface of most digestive organs
mechancial digestion
digestion that occurs by chewing or the churning of the stomach
Buccal
refers > toward the inside of the cheek
intrinsic control: local center
regulatory mechanism is "built in" to organ being regulated. Muscle has own blood supply. (ex: muscle fatigue, circulation)
Fungiform
scattered over the tongue and give it a reddish hue> contain taste buds
Absorption:
movement of nutrients across the G! tract wall to be delivered to cell via the blood or lymph
Efferent impulses
nerves that transmit impulses AWAYfrom the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands - CNS
Afferent impulses
nerves that transmit impulses TOWORD the brain and spinal cord - CNS
Peritoneal organs (intraperitoneal)
organs surrounded by peritoneum
Circumvallate
papillae forms a v-shape row in the back of the tongue and contains taste buds.
Peritoneum
serous membrane of the abdominal cavity
Mouth
Oral or Buccal cavity
Retro peritoneal organs
Organs outside the peritoneum/ behind the abdominal.
Long reflexes
-parasympathetic stimulation of digestive motility and secretion. Arising within or outside the GI tract
Peritoneal cavity
>lubricates digestive organs>Allows them to slide across one another
Protease
Enzyme responsible for protein digestion
Sympathetic motor fibers
Inhibit digestive activity > SNS
Enteric nervous system
Linked to CNS by long reflex arcs>Afferent visceral fibers>SNS motor fibers,inhibit digestive activity>PNS motor fibers,stimulate digestive activity
Alimentary canal:
Mouth, pharynx,esophagus,stomach,small intestine,and large intestine.
plexus
Network
Salivary Glands
Produce and secrete saliva that>cleanses the mouth>moistens and dissolves food chemical>aid in bolus formation>contains enzymes that break down starch
gastrointestinal wall
Site of short reflexes
Parasympathetic motor fibers
Stimulate digestive activity > PNS
Gastrointestinal (GI)
System that digests food and absorbs nutrients. Organs include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver, gallbladder, and anus. Also called the digestive system.
substrate
The reactant on which an enzyme works.
osmolarity
The total concentration of all solute particles in a solution
extrinsic: control by CNS centers
This is the "outside control"; usually involves nervous and endocrine regulation. Nerve signals and hormones operate outside of the controlled organ. Example: vomit or nausea.
Soft palate
a muscular flap that closes off the nasopharynx during swallowing or speaking. Formed mostly of skeletal muscle.
Bolus
a term used to describe food after it has been chewed and mixed with saliva.
Mesentary
double layer of peritoneum that provides:vascular&nerve supplies to the viscera>Holds digestive organs in place and stores fat..
Defecation:
elimination of indigestible substances solid wastes.
Filiform
give the tongue roughness and provide friction. smallest and most numerous; distributed widely over dorsal side of tongue
Peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum (membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the organs)
six essential activities
ingestion, propulsion, and mechanical digestion chemical digestion, absorption and defecation
myenteric
intestinal muscle
Parietal
lines the body wall
segmentation
local contraction of intestinal wall that mix chyme..(digestive food) with digestive enzymes.
Myenteric nerve plexus(network)
major nerve supply that controls GI tract mobility
Regulation of digestion involves
mechanical & chemical stimuli respond to stretch receptors, osmolarity, and presence of substrate in the lumen.
Short reflexes
stretch or chemical stimulation acts through the Myenteric plexus to stimulate the parastaltic contractions of Swallowing.(gut; brain)
propulsion
swallowing and peristalsis
Accessory digestive organs:
teeth, tongue, gallbladder,salivary gland,liver,and pancreas.
chemical digestion
the digestion process in which enzymes are used to break foods into their smaller chemical buiding blocks
ingestion
the process of taking food into the digestive tract
long reflex arcs
the way the GI tract communicates with the central nervous system using the vagus nerves
salivary glands
three pairs of extrinsic glands that secrete saliva into the mouth: parotid, sublingual, and submandibular.