Allergies

The nurse performs a skin test on a client who has a mosquito bite. The client shows wheal and flare reaction post-skin test. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction most likely has occurred? A. Type I B. Type II C. Type III D. Type IV

A. Type I is an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction that causes wheal and flare response. This reaction is characterized by a pale wheal containing edematous fluid surrounded by a red flare from the hyperemia. Type II is a cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction that involves IgG and IgM antibodies but does not show any wheal and flare response. Type III hypersensitivity reaction is an immune complex-mediated reaction that involves erythema and edema in 3 to 8 hours. Type IV is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction that involves erythema and edema in 24 to 48 hours.

Which type of allergic skin condition in a client is associated with immunological irregularity, asthma, and allergic rhinitis? A. Urticaria B. Psoriasis C. Acne vulgaris D. Atopic dermatitis

D. Atopic dermatitis is an allergic skin condition that is a genetically influenced, chronic, relapsing disease. It is associated with immunologic irregularity involving inflammatory mediators associated with allergic rhinitis and asthma. Urticaria is an allergic skin condition that results in a local increase in permeability of capillaries, causing erythema and edema in the upper dermis. Psoriasis is an autoimmune chronic dermatitis but not an allergic skin condition. Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory disorder of sebaceous glands.

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is present in a client with a body temperature of 102F, severe joint pain, rashes on the extremities, and enlarged lymph nodes from serum sickness? A. Delayed reaction B. Cytotoxic reaction C. Immediate reaction D. Immune complex-mediated reaction

D. Serum sickness is a type III immune complex-mediated reaction. A delayed reaction is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction that may include poison ivy skin rashes, graft rejection, and sarcoidosis. A cytotoxic reaction is a type II hypersensitivity reaction that includes autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Goodpasture syndrome, and myasthenia gravis. An immediate reaction is a type I hypersensitivity reaction that includes allergic asthma, hay fever, and anaphylaxis.

sinusitis

inflammation of the sinuses

allergic rhinitis

the reaction of the nasal mucosa to a specific allergen.