Along Niger River/Niger Valley (Jenne-jeno)

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Jenne-jenno a dothers emerged as

clusters of economically specialized settlements surrounding a larger central town

had urban centers that operated without

coercive authority of state , according to archaeologists

boat along niger river donkey to the north and south

copper gold iron stones and salt exchanged for grain fish meats iron implements

other speciliazaitons

cotton weavers, potters, leather workers, griots (praise singers)

rural areas

farmerd tilled soil and raised animals but specialization occurred with fishing and rice cultivation

earliest specialized occupation of jenny jenno and others

iron smithing

niger cities represented

African alternative to oppressive state

urban centers here resemble

Norte Chico or Indus Valley

people sahara had

agricultural skillls, ironworking, domesticated animals

as west africa became more connected to north africa and mediterreanean , islam penetrated it,

it made a gradual but major culturual transformation submerging the decentralized life of the niger river valley

occupaitonal castes

jobs passed to children and only marry within group

where

middle sretches of niger river in west africa

decline

new historical patterns in west africa, number of empires expanded in region (ghana, mali, songhay, etc) because of flourishing of camel borne trans-saharan commerce.

indigenous west african commerce accompanied urbanization

niger supported agriculture and pottery but had no stone iron ore, salt, fuel

niger valley civilization

no corresponding state structure

what brought people from sahara into middle niger

prolonged dry period

niger valley different from egypt china roman axum because of

urban centers not encompassed within larger imperial system , cities without citadels

niger valley smiths

was revered

Jenne-jeno was a transshipment point in commerce

yes


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