ANAT Final

Which selection includes only upper respiratory tract components?

nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx

When cutting the small intestine, this kind of section would produce an oval-shaped piece:

oblique

These bands of longitudinal smooth-muscle run the length of the colon:

teniae coli

The elderly are more likely to become sunburned because....

They have decreased melanocyte activity

Choose the FALSE statement: Which of the statements regarding the epithelium shown at right is NOT correct?

This is considered a stratified epithelium since only some of the cells extend all the way down to the basement membrane.

Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?

regulation of leukocyte and platelet production

Each primary bronchus divides to form secondary bronchi, which in turn branch to form

segmental bronchi

From the renal artery, blood flows through which sequence of arteries?

segmental, interlobar, arcuate, interlobular

During which steps of urine formation are substances actually removed from the blood? (1) filtration (2) reabsorption (3) secretion

1 and 3

In class, we discussed the hierarchical arrangement of the human body. Arrange the following structures according to that plan from the simplest to the most complex. 1. Oxygen molecule 2. Respiratory system 3. Mitochondria 4. Trachea 5. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium 6. Goblet cell

1, 3,6,5,4,2

Given these parts of a nephron: 1. Renal corpuscle 2. Collecting duct 3. Loop of Henle 4. Distal convoluted tubules 5. Proximal Convoluted tubules Arrange the parts in order as fluid flows from the filtration membrane through the nephron.

1,5,3,4,2

Given these vessels: 1. Arcuate vein 2. Afferent arteriole 3. Efferent arteriole 4. Interlobular vein 5. Peritubular capillaries Arrange the vessels in the order in which a drop of blood from the interlobular artery passes through them.

2,3,5,4,1

The correct order of the epidermal layers (in thick skin), from outermost to innermost, is: (1) stratum lucidum (2) stratum basale 3) stratum corneum (4) stratum spinosum (5) stratum granulosum

3, 1, 5, 4, 2

Arrange the segments of the colon in the sequence through which digested material passes prior to defecation: (1) sigmoid (2) transverse (3) descending (4) ascending

4, 2, 3, 1

Which number is indicating the rectum, ureter, urethra, and bladder respectively?

4,5,8,6

Given these structures: 1. ascending colon 2. descending colon 3. sigmoid colon 4. transverse colon 5. Cecum Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order that food encounters them as it passes between the small intestine and the rectum.

5, 1,4,2,3

Arrange the following to reflect the path of airflow from outside to the inside of the body (some structures are omitted): (1) terminal bronchiole (2) segmental bronchus (3) primary bronchus (4) alveolar duct (5) trachea

5, 3, 2, 1, 4

The Golgi apparatus produces vesicles which contain proteins that can: become part of the plasma membrane be secreted by exocytosis be enzymes that are used within the cell All of the above

All of the above

These are properties of epithelium: ability to regenerate Its basement membrane anchors it to deeper tissues cellularity and polarity Covers body surfaces and lines cavities All of these

All of these

During the process of cell division, there are several phases. During one of them, the nucleus is split "apart"or split "up" into 2 separate portions. Based on your knowledge of word roots, which of the following terms refers to this phase?

Anaphase

Underneath every epithelial tissue, we find

Areolar connective tissue

Which one is wrong about the bile flow?

Bile and pancreatic juices enter the jejunum at the major jejunal papilla.

Which one of the following is wrong about cells of the stomach and their function?

Chief cells: secretes an intrinsic factor

Which duct transports bile from the gall bladder?

Cystic duct

ADH affect the urine in this manner:

Decrease the urine volume (output)

These folds shape the epidermis into fingerprints:

Dermal papillae and epidermal ridges

Glands that secrete products into blood stream are known as _____________ glands and are formed from ____________ tissue.

Endocrine - epithelial

The spoon-shaped ____________, composed mostly of elastic cartilage, closes over the laryngeal opening when a person swallows.

Epiglottis

Choose the FALSE statement: (regarding the epithelium shown here below)

Epithelia like this would be located in regions of the body prone to abrasion

Which of the following is TRUE?

Exocrine glads are epithelial tissues

Which of the following is NOT TRUE?

Histology and Cytology are grouped under Macroscopic anatomy category

Which of the following is a function of the integumentary system? I. Production of Vitamin D II. Protection from physical injury III. Protection from dehydration IV. Sensation of temperature

I, II, III, and IV

Which one of the following is wrong about Sphincters of the Digestive System?

Ileocecal: between duodenum and caecum

Match the description on the right with the cell named on the left.

Integumentary system: Physical protection & evaporative cooling Skeletal system: structural support, protection, & produce blood cells Respiratory system: detect smells, speech & exchange gas Endocrine system: regulates body activities through production of hormones

Which one of the following does not characterizes the micturition (urination) reflex?

Internal urethral sphincter relaxes under conscious, voluntary control

Which one is the wrong label? Label B= Hypodermis layer Label E= Papillary layer Label A= Arrector pili muscle Label D= Dermis Label C= Sebaceous sland

Label C= Sebaceous sland

Match the description on the right with the cell named on the left.

Mast cell: granule filled cell, releases histamine & heparin Erythrocye: hemoglobin filled cell involved in oxygen transport Melanocyte: pigment producing cells Fibroblast: involved in the production of extracellular protein fibers

The first layer of the dermis is the ____________ and is made primarily of ___________.

Papillary dermis; areolar connective tissue

Which one is the wrong pair?

Peroxisomes; produced by Golgi & digest waste

Which one is False about keratinocyte:

Phagocytize bacterial toxins

Identify the FALSE statement below:

Serous membranes are composed of stratified epithelium and areolar connective tissue.

The appendix is found in this abdominopelvic quadrant

RLQ

Which one of the following is not the function of the urinary system?

Removal of hemoglobin in the urine

Which one of the following is wrong about parts of the Kidney?

Renal Pyramids: consist of tubules, which collect urine from the proximal convoluted tubule

Regarding the flow of urine which one of the following is the wrong order?

Renal cortex, Renal Medulla, Renal Column, Renal pyramid

Which of the following is NOT part of the integumentary system?

Superficial fascia

Match:

System level: group of related organs that have a common function Chemical level: carbon, hydrogen, potassium, nitrogen etc Organ level: combination of two or more tissues performing a common function Tissue level: group of similar cells that perform a common function

Identify the FALSE statement below:

The mucous membranes are found lining cavities that open to the environment, such as the mucous membrane of the trachea, which is composed of stratified squamous epithelium & areolar connective tissue.

This best describes the major duodenal papilla:

The opening of the hepatopancreatic ampulla in the duodenum

When the position of the body it is in the "normal anatomical position?" which one is incorrect

The person is prone position upper limbs touching at sides.

Identify the FALSE statement below: The dorsal cavity is composed of the cranial cavity and the vertebral canal. The heart is found within the mediastinum. The lungs are found within the pleural cavity. The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the pericardium The diaphragm sub-divides the ventral cavity into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the pericardium

Which of the following is true? The skull is inferior relative to the vertebral column. none of these statements are true. The sternum is ventral relative to the vertebral column. The ear is medial relative to the eye. The axial region is distal relative to the metacarpal region.

The sternum is ventral relative to the vertebral column.

Enzymes found inside lysosomes digest phagocytized bacteria, nonfunctional organelles, nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids.

True

Transitional epithelial tissue ___________________. is connected to underlying connective tissues via the basement membrane The apical cells in transitional epithelium tend to be dome shaped. is found lining the urinary bladder, ureters, and part of the urethra if the structure is stretched (full) the dome shape disappears all of the above statements are correc

all of the above statements are correc

The conducting zone of the respiratory system includes all of the following passages except ______________.

alveolar ducts

Which list proceeds from the superior to the inferior end of the stomach?

cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

In which of the following selections are the GI tract organs or regions correctly matched with the type of epithelium that lines them?

cecum, colon, and rectum; simple columnar

Which sequence lists the regions of the large intestine in order, from the end of the ileum to the anus?

cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal

These cells in the gastric glands produce pepsinogen:

chief cells

The type of tissue making up the bulk of the dermis is:

dense irregular connective tissue

Ligaments connect bones together and withstand a lot of stress. What type of connective tissue should you expect ligaments to contain?

dense regular connective tissue

Which type of cartilage would be punctured if you chose to pierce the auricle of your ear?

elastic cartilage

A hypodermic needle would penetrate the skin layers in which order?

epidermis, papillary layer, reticular layer, hypodermis

Which muscles of respiration are used during normal quiet breathing?

external intercostals and diaphragm

The four tissue layers surrounding and supporting the kidneys are the

fibrous capsule, perinephric fat, renal fascia, paranephric fat

The three interrelated processes of urine formation are

filtration, reabsorption, secretion

Bile is stored and concentrated in the

gallbladder

Which mesentery covers most of the abdominal organs, extending inferiorly like an apron from the greater curvature of the stomach?

greater omentum

These substances normally cannot pass through the filtration membrane:

hemoglobin

The ribs are connected to the sternum by

hyaline cartilage

This effect is caused by increased aldosterone levels:

increased reabsorption of Na+

In the small intestine, the plicae circulares, villi and microvilii

increased surface area for the digestion and absorption of nutrient molecules

In normal, unforced breathing, ____________ involves muscular contractions while ____________ requires no active muscular effort.

inhalation and exhalation

Match the description on the right with the cell named on the left.

intervertebral disk: fibrocartilage internal support of epiglottis: elastic cartilage tendon: dense regular connective tissue Lamina propria: areolar connective tissue

The mode of secretion that involves the accumulation of the secretory product in maturing cells and then subsequent cell rupture:

is termed holocrine secretion

Cells that synthesize large amounts of lipids would have this:

large amounts of smooth ER

The lower respiratory tract extends from the ____________ to the ____________, inclusive.

larynx to alveoli

Cartilages of the larynx include all of the following except the

lateral cartilages and alar cartilages

In a typical adult kidney, the renal ____________ is subdivided into 8 to 15 distinct conical or triangular structures known as renal ____________.

medulla; pyramids

A ___________________ section would cut the body into two equal left and right halves

mid-sagittal

From deep to superficial, what are the tunics of the intraperitoneal portions of the GI tract?

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

Which of the following is not a connective tissue?

muscle tissue

The body system responsible for movement is the ________.

muscular system

Which selection correctly pairs a pharyngeal region with its lining?

oropharynx; nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Which of the following is false regarding the respiratory membrane?

oxygen cannot diffuse through the membrane and so must be actively transported

On each side of the chest, the ____________ pleura line the internal thoracic wall, while the ____________ pleura tightly covers the lung.

parietal; visceral

The three pairs of multicellular salivary glands that secrete into the oral cavity are the ____________ glands.

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

The connective tissue that surrounds bone is termed:

periosteum

In various nephrons, ____________ form a network around the convoluted tubules; surrounding the nephron loop are capillaries called the ____________.

peritubular capillaries; vasa recta

In the fluid mosaic model, these molecules make up the bilayer found in the cell membrane

phospholipids

Which sequence correctly traces the flow of urine after it leaves the urinary bladder in a male?

prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, spongy urethra

Connective tissues: protect and support the body are avascular are excitable (respond to stimulus generally have densely packed cells

protect and support the body

Movements in the small intestine that churn the materials being digested and mix them with intestinal secretions are called

segmentation

These lines of scar tissue are formed from excessive stretching of the skin:

striae

Which of these is NOT a serous membrane?

synovial membrane

Consider the organization of the human body, as discussed on the first day of class. A collection of cells and extracellular materials work together to form a(n):

tissues

Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system?

transport air to and from the cells and tissues throughout the body

Which sequence correctly traces the path of urine after it leaves the kidneys?

ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Which of these characteristics are NOT exhibited by epithelial tissues?

vascularity

What is the name of the serous membrane that surrounds the left lung?

visceral Pleura