ANAT Final
Which selection includes only upper respiratory tract components?
nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx
When cutting the small intestine, this kind of section would produce an oval-shaped piece:
oblique
These bands of longitudinal smooth-muscle run the length of the colon:
teniae coli
The elderly are more likely to become sunburned because....
They have decreased melanocyte activity
Choose the FALSE statement: Which of the statements regarding the epithelium shown at right is NOT correct?
This is considered a stratified epithelium since only some of the cells extend all the way down to the basement membrane.
Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?
regulation of leukocyte and platelet production
Each primary bronchus divides to form secondary bronchi, which in turn branch to form
segmental bronchi
From the renal artery, blood flows through which sequence of arteries?
segmental, interlobar, arcuate, interlobular
During which steps of urine formation are substances actually removed from the blood? (1) filtration (2) reabsorption (3) secretion
1 and 3
In class, we discussed the hierarchical arrangement of the human body. Arrange the following structures according to that plan from the simplest to the most complex. 1. Oxygen molecule 2. Respiratory system 3. Mitochondria 4. Trachea 5. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium 6. Goblet cell
1, 3,6,5,4,2
Given these parts of a nephron: 1. Renal corpuscle 2. Collecting duct 3. Loop of Henle 4. Distal convoluted tubules 5. Proximal Convoluted tubules Arrange the parts in order as fluid flows from the filtration membrane through the nephron.
1,5,3,4,2
Given these vessels: 1. Arcuate vein 2. Afferent arteriole 3. Efferent arteriole 4. Interlobular vein 5. Peritubular capillaries Arrange the vessels in the order in which a drop of blood from the interlobular artery passes through them.
2,3,5,4,1
The correct order of the epidermal layers (in thick skin), from outermost to innermost, is: (1) stratum lucidum (2) stratum basale 3) stratum corneum (4) stratum spinosum (5) stratum granulosum
3, 1, 5, 4, 2
Arrange the segments of the colon in the sequence through which digested material passes prior to defecation: (1) sigmoid (2) transverse (3) descending (4) ascending
4, 2, 3, 1
Which number is indicating the rectum, ureter, urethra, and bladder respectively?
4,5,8,6
Given these structures: 1. ascending colon 2. descending colon 3. sigmoid colon 4. transverse colon 5. Cecum Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order that food encounters them as it passes between the small intestine and the rectum.
5, 1,4,2,3
Arrange the following to reflect the path of airflow from outside to the inside of the body (some structures are omitted): (1) terminal bronchiole (2) segmental bronchus (3) primary bronchus (4) alveolar duct (5) trachea
5, 3, 2, 1, 4
The Golgi apparatus produces vesicles which contain proteins that can: become part of the plasma membrane be secreted by exocytosis be enzymes that are used within the cell All of the above
All of the above
These are properties of epithelium: ability to regenerate Its basement membrane anchors it to deeper tissues cellularity and polarity Covers body surfaces and lines cavities All of these
All of these
During the process of cell division, there are several phases. During one of them, the nucleus is split "apart"or split "up" into 2 separate portions. Based on your knowledge of word roots, which of the following terms refers to this phase?
Anaphase
Underneath every epithelial tissue, we find
Areolar connective tissue
Which one is wrong about the bile flow?
Bile and pancreatic juices enter the jejunum at the major jejunal papilla.
Which one of the following is wrong about cells of the stomach and their function?
Chief cells: secretes an intrinsic factor
Which duct transports bile from the gall bladder?
Cystic duct
ADH affect the urine in this manner:
Decrease the urine volume (output)
These folds shape the epidermis into fingerprints:
Dermal papillae and epidermal ridges
Glands that secrete products into blood stream are known as _____________ glands and are formed from ____________ tissue.
Endocrine - epithelial
The spoon-shaped ____________, composed mostly of elastic cartilage, closes over the laryngeal opening when a person swallows.
Epiglottis
Choose the FALSE statement: (regarding the epithelium shown here below)
Epithelia like this would be located in regions of the body prone to abrasion
Which of the following is TRUE?
Exocrine glads are epithelial tissues
Which of the following is NOT TRUE?
Histology and Cytology are grouped under Macroscopic anatomy category
Which of the following is a function of the integumentary system? I. Production of Vitamin D II. Protection from physical injury III. Protection from dehydration IV. Sensation of temperature
I, II, III, and IV
Which one of the following is wrong about Sphincters of the Digestive System?
Ileocecal: between duodenum and caecum
Match the description on the right with the cell named on the left.
Integumentary system: Physical protection & evaporative cooling Skeletal system: structural support, protection, & produce blood cells Respiratory system: detect smells, speech & exchange gas Endocrine system: regulates body activities through production of hormones
Which one of the following does not characterizes the micturition (urination) reflex?
Internal urethral sphincter relaxes under conscious, voluntary control
Which one is the wrong label? Label B= Hypodermis layer Label E= Papillary layer Label A= Arrector pili muscle Label D= Dermis Label C= Sebaceous sland
Label C= Sebaceous sland
Match the description on the right with the cell named on the left.
Mast cell: granule filled cell, releases histamine & heparin Erythrocye: hemoglobin filled cell involved in oxygen transport Melanocyte: pigment producing cells Fibroblast: involved in the production of extracellular protein fibers
The first layer of the dermis is the ____________ and is made primarily of ___________.
Papillary dermis; areolar connective tissue
Which one is the wrong pair?
Peroxisomes; produced by Golgi & digest waste
Which one is False about keratinocyte:
Phagocytize bacterial toxins
Identify the FALSE statement below:
Serous membranes are composed of stratified epithelium and areolar connective tissue.
The appendix is found in this abdominopelvic quadrant
RLQ
Which one of the following is not the function of the urinary system?
Removal of hemoglobin in the urine
Which one of the following is wrong about parts of the Kidney?
Renal Pyramids: consist of tubules, which collect urine from the proximal convoluted tubule
Regarding the flow of urine which one of the following is the wrong order?
Renal cortex, Renal Medulla, Renal Column, Renal pyramid
Which of the following is NOT part of the integumentary system?
Superficial fascia
Match:
System level: group of related organs that have a common function Chemical level: carbon, hydrogen, potassium, nitrogen etc Organ level: combination of two or more tissues performing a common function Tissue level: group of similar cells that perform a common function
Identify the FALSE statement below:
The mucous membranes are found lining cavities that open to the environment, such as the mucous membrane of the trachea, which is composed of stratified squamous epithelium & areolar connective tissue.
This best describes the major duodenal papilla:
The opening of the hepatopancreatic ampulla in the duodenum
When the position of the body it is in the "normal anatomical position?" which one is incorrect
The person is prone position upper limbs touching at sides.
Identify the FALSE statement below: The dorsal cavity is composed of the cranial cavity and the vertebral canal. The heart is found within the mediastinum. The lungs are found within the pleural cavity. The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the pericardium The diaphragm sub-divides the ventral cavity into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the pericardium
Which of the following is true? The skull is inferior relative to the vertebral column. none of these statements are true. The sternum is ventral relative to the vertebral column. The ear is medial relative to the eye. The axial region is distal relative to the metacarpal region.
The sternum is ventral relative to the vertebral column.
Enzymes found inside lysosomes digest phagocytized bacteria, nonfunctional organelles, nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids.
True
Transitional epithelial tissue ___________________. is connected to underlying connective tissues via the basement membrane The apical cells in transitional epithelium tend to be dome shaped. is found lining the urinary bladder, ureters, and part of the urethra if the structure is stretched (full) the dome shape disappears all of the above statements are correc
all of the above statements are correc
The conducting zone of the respiratory system includes all of the following passages except ______________.
alveolar ducts
Which list proceeds from the superior to the inferior end of the stomach?
cardia, fundus, body, pylorus
In which of the following selections are the GI tract organs or regions correctly matched with the type of epithelium that lines them?
cecum, colon, and rectum; simple columnar
Which sequence lists the regions of the large intestine in order, from the end of the ileum to the anus?
cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal
These cells in the gastric glands produce pepsinogen:
chief cells
The type of tissue making up the bulk of the dermis is:
dense irregular connective tissue
Ligaments connect bones together and withstand a lot of stress. What type of connective tissue should you expect ligaments to contain?
dense regular connective tissue
Which type of cartilage would be punctured if you chose to pierce the auricle of your ear?
elastic cartilage
A hypodermic needle would penetrate the skin layers in which order?
epidermis, papillary layer, reticular layer, hypodermis
Which muscles of respiration are used during normal quiet breathing?
external intercostals and diaphragm
The four tissue layers surrounding and supporting the kidneys are the
fibrous capsule, perinephric fat, renal fascia, paranephric fat
The three interrelated processes of urine formation are
filtration, reabsorption, secretion
Bile is stored and concentrated in the
gallbladder
Which mesentery covers most of the abdominal organs, extending inferiorly like an apron from the greater curvature of the stomach?
greater omentum
These substances normally cannot pass through the filtration membrane:
hemoglobin
The ribs are connected to the sternum by
hyaline cartilage
This effect is caused by increased aldosterone levels:
increased reabsorption of Na+
In the small intestine, the plicae circulares, villi and microvilii
increased surface area for the digestion and absorption of nutrient molecules
In normal, unforced breathing, ____________ involves muscular contractions while ____________ requires no active muscular effort.
inhalation and exhalation
Match the description on the right with the cell named on the left.
intervertebral disk: fibrocartilage internal support of epiglottis: elastic cartilage tendon: dense regular connective tissue Lamina propria: areolar connective tissue
The mode of secretion that involves the accumulation of the secretory product in maturing cells and then subsequent cell rupture:
is termed holocrine secretion
Cells that synthesize large amounts of lipids would have this:
large amounts of smooth ER
The lower respiratory tract extends from the ____________ to the ____________, inclusive.
larynx to alveoli
Cartilages of the larynx include all of the following except the
lateral cartilages and alar cartilages
In a typical adult kidney, the renal ____________ is subdivided into 8 to 15 distinct conical or triangular structures known as renal ____________.
medulla; pyramids
A ___________________ section would cut the body into two equal left and right halves
mid-sagittal
From deep to superficial, what are the tunics of the intraperitoneal portions of the GI tract?
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
Which of the following is not a connective tissue?
muscle tissue
The body system responsible for movement is the ________.
muscular system
Which selection correctly pairs a pharyngeal region with its lining?
oropharynx; nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Which of the following is false regarding the respiratory membrane?
oxygen cannot diffuse through the membrane and so must be actively transported
On each side of the chest, the ____________ pleura line the internal thoracic wall, while the ____________ pleura tightly covers the lung.
parietal; visceral
The three pairs of multicellular salivary glands that secrete into the oral cavity are the ____________ glands.
parotid, submandibular, sublingual
The connective tissue that surrounds bone is termed:
periosteum
In various nephrons, ____________ form a network around the convoluted tubules; surrounding the nephron loop are capillaries called the ____________.
peritubular capillaries; vasa recta
In the fluid mosaic model, these molecules make up the bilayer found in the cell membrane
phospholipids
Which sequence correctly traces the flow of urine after it leaves the urinary bladder in a male?
prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, spongy urethra
Connective tissues: protect and support the body are avascular are excitable (respond to stimulus generally have densely packed cells
protect and support the body
Movements in the small intestine that churn the materials being digested and mix them with intestinal secretions are called
segmentation
These lines of scar tissue are formed from excessive stretching of the skin:
striae
Which of these is NOT a serous membrane?
synovial membrane
Consider the organization of the human body, as discussed on the first day of class. A collection of cells and extracellular materials work together to form a(n):
tissues
Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system?
transport air to and from the cells and tissues throughout the body
Which sequence correctly traces the path of urine after it leaves the kidneys?
ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Which of these characteristics are NOT exhibited by epithelial tissues?
vascularity
What is the name of the serous membrane that surrounds the left lung?
visceral Pleura