Anatomy and Physiology

The spinal nerves inferior to exit below the vertebra of the same number. A. C1 B. C8 C. T1 D. T12

C8

What cranial nerve innervate the muscles that move the eyes? A. CN 3,4,6 B. CN 9,7 C. CN 3,4,5 D. CN 2

CN 3,4,6

What is the collective name for all of the axon that project inferiorly from the spinal cord? A. conus medullaris B. cauda equina C. sacral nerves D. coccygeal nerves

Cauda equina

The lateral horns found in the T1-L2 regions of the spinal cord contains... A. somatic and visceral sensory nuclei B. axons crossing from side to side C. cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons D. cell bodies of somatic motor neurons

Cell bodies of autonomic neurons

The substance that fills the subarachnoid space is... A. lymph B. blood plasma C. synovial fluid D. cerebrospinal fluid

Cerebrospinal fluid

Branches of which plexuses innervate anterior neck muscles, the skin of the neck, and parts of the head and shoulders? A. cervical B. brachial C. lumbosacral D. all of the above

Cervical

White matter of the spinal cord is partitioned into , each containing both ascending and descending . A. columns; nerve B. fasciculi; funiculi C. funiculi; tracts D. fasciculi; tracts

Funiculi; Tracts

Which of the following is not generally involved in a reflex? A. conduction of a nerve impusle to the CNS by a sensory neuron B. information processing by interneurons in an integration center C. transmission of a nerve impulse to a peripheral effector organ D. inhibition of an effector by a stimulus from a motor neuron.

Inhibition of an effector by a stimulus from a motor neuron

Nerves from the brachial plexuses innervate the... A. head and neck B. neck and upper arms C. pectoral girdles and upper limbs D. thorax and pectoral girdles

Pectoral girdles and upper limbs

Which spinal cord components contain cell bodies of interneurons and axons of sensory neurons A. posterior horns B. lateral horns C. anterior horns D. all the above

Posterior horns

Cell bodies of sensory neurons are housed in each A. posterior root B. posterior root ganglion C. anterior root D. anterior gray horn

Posterior root ganglion

All of the following branch from the lumbar plexus except the... A. femoral nerve B. obturator nerve C. ilioinguinal nerve D. sciatic nerve

Sciatic nerve

Which adjective best describes reflex responses? A. variable B. automatic C. deliberate D. voluntary

Automatic

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? A. 33 B. 16 C. 31 D. 12

31

The first step involved in a typical neural reflex is... A. activation of a receptor by a stimulus B. activation of a motor neuron C. response of a peripheral effector D. information processing

Activation of a receptor by a stimulus

Which structure contains motor axons only? A. posterior root ganglion B. posterior root C. anterior root D. anterior gray horn

Anterior root

The anterior rami of spinal nerves T1-T11... A. form the cervical plexus B. are called intercostal nerves C. all contribute to the brachial plexus D. contain only sensory axons

Are all called intercostal nerves

The four principal nerve plexuses are the... A. cranial, cervical, brachial, and lumbosacral B. cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral C. cervical, brachial, lumbar,and sacral D. brachial lumbar, sacral, and pelvic

Cervical, Brachial, Lumbar, and Sacral

What is the paired, triangular extensions of the pia mater that help anchor the spinal cord laterally to the dura mater? A. anterior rootlets B. posterior rootlets C. denticulate ligaments D. suspensory ligaments

Denticulate ligaments

Which term describes the specific region of skin monitored by a single spinal nerve? A. ramus communicans B. posterior ramus C. dermatome D. anterior ramus

Dermatome

The tough, protective extends between adjacent vertebrae to fuse with the connective tissue surrounding the spinal nerves. A. periosteal layer B. dura mater C. arachnoid D. pia mater

Dura mater

The spinal cord meninges, in order from the outermost to the innermost, are the... A. pia mater, arachnoid, and dura mater B. dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid C. dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater D. periosteal layer, meningeal layer, arachnoid, and pia mater.

Dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater

Between the dura mater and the inner walls of the vertebrae is the... A. subdural space B. epidual space C. subarachnoid space D. arachnoid

Epidural space

Within the cauda equina is a thin strand of pia mater called the... A. denticulate ligament B. posterior rootlet C. filum terminale D. conus medullaris

Filum terminale

Which body regions are innervated by the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord? A. head and neck B. upper limbs C. abdomen and pelvis D. lower limbs

Lower limbs

Within each intervertebral foramen, an anterior root and its corresponding posterior root unite to form a... A. spinal nerve B. cranial nerve C. motor nerve D. sensory nerve

Spinal nerve

Which nerve innervates the posterior thigh and leg muscles, plantar foot muscles, and skin of the sole of the foot? A. inferior gluteal B. tibial C. common fibular D. deep fibular

Tibial

Which musclue is innervated by the radial nerve? A. deltoid B. tricep C. lateral forarm D. hand and fingers

Tricep

The anterior funiculi are interconnected by the... A. lateral funiculi B. posterior funiculi C. gray commissure D. white commissure

White commissure

The outer region of the spinal cord, composed primarily of myelinated axons, is called the... A. white matter B. gray matter C. gray commissure D. lateral horns

White matter