Anatomy and Physiology
The spinal nerves inferior to exit below the vertebra of the same number. A. C1 B. C8 C. T1 D. T12
C8
What cranial nerve innervate the muscles that move the eyes? A. CN 3,4,6 B. CN 9,7 C. CN 3,4,5 D. CN 2
CN 3,4,6
What is the collective name for all of the axon that project inferiorly from the spinal cord? A. conus medullaris B. cauda equina C. sacral nerves D. coccygeal nerves
Cauda equina
The lateral horns found in the T1-L2 regions of the spinal cord contains... A. somatic and visceral sensory nuclei B. axons crossing from side to side C. cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons D. cell bodies of somatic motor neurons
Cell bodies of autonomic neurons
The substance that fills the subarachnoid space is... A. lymph B. blood plasma C. synovial fluid D. cerebrospinal fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid
Branches of which plexuses innervate anterior neck muscles, the skin of the neck, and parts of the head and shoulders? A. cervical B. brachial C. lumbosacral D. all of the above
Cervical
White matter of the spinal cord is partitioned into , each containing both ascending and descending . A. columns; nerve B. fasciculi; funiculi C. funiculi; tracts D. fasciculi; tracts
Funiculi; Tracts
Which of the following is not generally involved in a reflex? A. conduction of a nerve impusle to the CNS by a sensory neuron B. information processing by interneurons in an integration center C. transmission of a nerve impulse to a peripheral effector organ D. inhibition of an effector by a stimulus from a motor neuron.
Inhibition of an effector by a stimulus from a motor neuron
Nerves from the brachial plexuses innervate the... A. head and neck B. neck and upper arms C. pectoral girdles and upper limbs D. thorax and pectoral girdles
Pectoral girdles and upper limbs
Which spinal cord components contain cell bodies of interneurons and axons of sensory neurons A. posterior horns B. lateral horns C. anterior horns D. all the above
Posterior horns
Cell bodies of sensory neurons are housed in each A. posterior root B. posterior root ganglion C. anterior root D. anterior gray horn
Posterior root ganglion
All of the following branch from the lumbar plexus except the... A. femoral nerve B. obturator nerve C. ilioinguinal nerve D. sciatic nerve
Sciatic nerve
Which adjective best describes reflex responses? A. variable B. automatic C. deliberate D. voluntary
Automatic
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? A. 33 B. 16 C. 31 D. 12
31
The first step involved in a typical neural reflex is... A. activation of a receptor by a stimulus B. activation of a motor neuron C. response of a peripheral effector D. information processing
Activation of a receptor by a stimulus
Which structure contains motor axons only? A. posterior root ganglion B. posterior root C. anterior root D. anterior gray horn
Anterior root
The anterior rami of spinal nerves T1-T11... A. form the cervical plexus B. are called intercostal nerves C. all contribute to the brachial plexus D. contain only sensory axons
Are all called intercostal nerves
The four principal nerve plexuses are the... A. cranial, cervical, brachial, and lumbosacral B. cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral C. cervical, brachial, lumbar,and sacral D. brachial lumbar, sacral, and pelvic
Cervical, Brachial, Lumbar, and Sacral
What is the paired, triangular extensions of the pia mater that help anchor the spinal cord laterally to the dura mater? A. anterior rootlets B. posterior rootlets C. denticulate ligaments D. suspensory ligaments
Denticulate ligaments
Which term describes the specific region of skin monitored by a single spinal nerve? A. ramus communicans B. posterior ramus C. dermatome D. anterior ramus
Dermatome
The tough, protective extends between adjacent vertebrae to fuse with the connective tissue surrounding the spinal nerves. A. periosteal layer B. dura mater C. arachnoid D. pia mater
Dura mater
The spinal cord meninges, in order from the outermost to the innermost, are the... A. pia mater, arachnoid, and dura mater B. dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid C. dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater D. periosteal layer, meningeal layer, arachnoid, and pia mater.
Dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater
Between the dura mater and the inner walls of the vertebrae is the... A. subdural space B. epidual space C. subarachnoid space D. arachnoid
Epidural space
Within the cauda equina is a thin strand of pia mater called the... A. denticulate ligament B. posterior rootlet C. filum terminale D. conus medullaris
Filum terminale
Which body regions are innervated by the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord? A. head and neck B. upper limbs C. abdomen and pelvis D. lower limbs
Lower limbs
Within each intervertebral foramen, an anterior root and its corresponding posterior root unite to form a... A. spinal nerve B. cranial nerve C. motor nerve D. sensory nerve
Spinal nerve
Which nerve innervates the posterior thigh and leg muscles, plantar foot muscles, and skin of the sole of the foot? A. inferior gluteal B. tibial C. common fibular D. deep fibular
Tibial
Which musclue is innervated by the radial nerve? A. deltoid B. tricep C. lateral forarm D. hand and fingers
Tricep
The anterior funiculi are interconnected by the... A. lateral funiculi B. posterior funiculi C. gray commissure D. white commissure
White commissure
The outer region of the spinal cord, composed primarily of myelinated axons, is called the... A. white matter B. gray matter C. gray commissure D. lateral horns
White matter