Anatomy and Physiology Ch.7

The pelvic girdle anda lower limb are part of the

Appendicular skeleton

Long bones

Are longer than they are wide

The vertebral column is par of the

Axial skeleton

The common name for the sternum is the

Breastbone

Marilyn has been diagnosed with a fractured dens or odontoid process. Which specific bone is affected?

C2

The acromion process has an articulation with the

Clavicle

The obturador foramen is found in the

Coxa

The bone that articulates with the acetabulum is the

Femur

What structure allows the brain stem to connect to the spinal cord?

Foramen magnum

Flat bones

Have a thin, flattened shape and are usually curved

What are the results from damage to annulus fibrosis and releases nucleus pulposus?

Herniated disk

The larger and superior coxal bone is the

Ilium

Name the bones that make up the pectoral girdle

It consists of two pairs of bones that attach each of the upper limbs to the body: scapula and clavicle

What are the functions of the vertebral column?

It supports the weight of the head and trunk; protects the spinal cord; allows spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord; provides a site for muscle attachment; permits movement of the head and trunk

Eighty-year old Mrs. Smith has a bent-over stance with a noticeable hump back. Along with osteoporosis, Mrs. Smith also afflicted with which condition?

Kyphosis

The greater sciatic notch is found on the

Posterior side of the ilium

If you break the arterial bone of your foreman, you have fractured your

Radius

Herniated disk

Ruptured disk, results when the annulus fibrosis breaks or balloons, releasing all or part of the nucleus pulposus. The herniated part of the disk may push against and compres the spinal cord, cauda equina, or spinal nerve

The glenoid cavity is where the humerus articulates with the

Scapula

The common name of the tibia is the

Shinbone

Sinuses

Some skull bones contain mucous membrane-lined air spaces

What condition is the failure of vertebral laminate to fuse?

Spina bífida

Sutures

The cranial bones are connected by immovable joints

carpal tunner syndrome

The edema or connective tissue may apply pressure against the nerve and vessel passing through the tunnel, is characterized by tingling, burning, and numbness in the hand

Intervertebral disks

The fibrocartilage located between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae

Where is the hyoid bone located, why is it unique, and what is its functions?

The hyoid bone is embedded in soft tissue in the neck just below the mandible. The hyoid bone has the unique distinction of being the only bone in the body not directly attached to another bone. It has no direct bony attachment to the skull. The hyoid bone is important for speech and swallowing

The loss of height that occurs with aging is due to

The intervertebral disc

What dos the appendicular skeleton consists of?

The limbs and their girdles

Foramen

The opening through which a nerve or blood vessel passed

What bones form the pelvic girdle?

The two hip bones( coxal bones) and sacrum

Short bones

They are round or nearly cube-shaped

What are the functions of sinuses? Give the locations of the paranasal sinuses.

They decrease the weight of the skull; they act as a resonating chamber when speaking. Frontal sinus, ethmoidal labyrinth sinuses, sphenoidal sinus, maxillary sinus.

Irregular bones

They have a shape that do not readily fit into other three categories

Name and give the number of vertebrae in each of the five regions of the vertebral column.

-7 cervical vertebrae -12 thoracic vertebrae -5 lumbar vertebrae -1 sacral bone -1 coccygeal bone

Male pelvis

-More obvious muscle attachment points -Heart-shaped pelvic inlet -pelvic inlet is less broader -subpubic angle is less than 90 degrees -ilium is less shallow -ischial spines are closer -ischial tubersities are turned medially

Describe the structure and functions of the intervertebral disks

-They are composed of fibrocartilage and are located between the bodies adjacent vertebrae -They provide support and cushion to the vertebral bodies

List the two anatomical portions of the skeletal

-axial skeleton -appendicular skeleton

Name the four major sutures of the skull and the bones they connect

-coronal( the frontal bone and parietal bone) -sagital( the two parietal bones) -lambdoid( parietal and occipital bone) -squamous (the temporal bones)

List the bones of the cranium

-frontal lobe -2 parietal bones -2 temporal bones -occipital bone -sphenoid bone -ethmoid bone

True ribs

-ribs 1-7 -attached directly through costal cartilage to the sternum

False ribs

-ribs 8-12 -they do not attach directly to the sternum

List the eight carpal bones.

-scaphoid -lunate -triquetrum -pisiform -hamate -capitate -trapezoid -trapezium

Female pelvis

-somewhat lighter in weight and wider laterally but shorter superiority to inferiority and less funnel- shaped. -less obvious muscle attachment -sacrum is broader, with the inferior part directed more posteriorly -pelvic inlet is oval shaped -pelvic outlet is broader and more shallow' Subpubic able is 90 degree or more -ilium is more shallow and flared laterally -ischial spines are farther apart -ischial tuberoslities in turned laterally

Floating ribs

-two of the false ribs -ribs 11-12 - they do not attach to the sternum

Spina bífida

A condition that affects the spine and is usually apparent at birth. It is a type of neural tube defect. Can happen anywhere along the spine if the neural tube does not close all the way

What is the carpal tunnel?

A ligament that stretches across the wrist from the tubercle of the trapezium to the hook of the hamate to form a tunnel on the anterior surface of the wrist

Scoliosis

An abnormal lateral and rotational curvature of the vertebral column

Kyphosis

An exaggeration of the concave curve of the thoracic region

Lordosis

An exaggeration of the convex curve of the lumbar region

The first cervical vertebrae is the

atlas

The hyoid bone is part of the

axial skeleton

The heel of the foot is formed by the

calcaneus

The _______ region of the vertebral column is located in the neck.

cervical

The collar bone is the

clavicle

Failure of the palatine processes of the maxilla to fuse properly during development results in a

cleft palate

Ribs that do not attach directly to the sternum are called

false ribs

the large bone of the thigh is the

femur

The lateral malleolus is part of the

fibula

The frontal bone is known as the

forehead

The coxal bone is known as the

hip bone

A dislocated shoulder involves separation of the _______ from the scapula

humerus

The coccyx is the most ______ portion of the vertebral column

inferior

The site where spinal nerves exit the vertebral column is the

intervertebral foramen

A person sits on his/her

ischial tuberosity

What are the parts of the sternum?

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

The point of the elbow is the

olecranon process

Judd has a fractured coxal bone, which means he has a broken

pelvis

Process

prominent projection on a bone

What is the function of the rib cage?

protect internal organs, aid in respiration

Alexander has been diagnosed with a pituitary tumor, which means the tumor is in the

sella turcica

Fossa

shallow depression

Tubercle

small rounded projection

The posterior, inferior projection from vertebrae is the

spinous process

The junction of two pubic bones is the

symphysis pubis

The coccyx is also called the

tailbone

The ribs articulate with the _______ vertebrae

thoracic

The opening in vertebrae for the spinal cord is the

vertebral foramen

A person who gets hit on the back of the head might suffer injury to which of these bones?

Occipital

A herniated disc occurs when there is protrusion of the

Nucleus pulposus

The skull bone that forms the chin is also the only bone connected to the skull by freely moveable joint. The bone is the

Mandible