Anatomy and Physiology Ch.7
The pelvic girdle anda lower limb are part of the
Appendicular skeleton
Long bones
Are longer than they are wide
The vertebral column is par of the
Axial skeleton
The common name for the sternum is the
Breastbone
Marilyn has been diagnosed with a fractured dens or odontoid process. Which specific bone is affected?
C2
The acromion process has an articulation with the
Clavicle
The obturador foramen is found in the
Coxa
The bone that articulates with the acetabulum is the
Femur
What structure allows the brain stem to connect to the spinal cord?
Foramen magnum
Flat bones
Have a thin, flattened shape and are usually curved
What are the results from damage to annulus fibrosis and releases nucleus pulposus?
Herniated disk
The larger and superior coxal bone is the
Ilium
Name the bones that make up the pectoral girdle
It consists of two pairs of bones that attach each of the upper limbs to the body: scapula and clavicle
What are the functions of the vertebral column?
It supports the weight of the head and trunk; protects the spinal cord; allows spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord; provides a site for muscle attachment; permits movement of the head and trunk
Eighty-year old Mrs. Smith has a bent-over stance with a noticeable hump back. Along with osteoporosis, Mrs. Smith also afflicted with which condition?
Kyphosis
The greater sciatic notch is found on the
Posterior side of the ilium
If you break the arterial bone of your foreman, you have fractured your
Radius
Herniated disk
Ruptured disk, results when the annulus fibrosis breaks or balloons, releasing all or part of the nucleus pulposus. The herniated part of the disk may push against and compres the spinal cord, cauda equina, or spinal nerve
The glenoid cavity is where the humerus articulates with the
Scapula
The common name of the tibia is the
Shinbone
Sinuses
Some skull bones contain mucous membrane-lined air spaces
What condition is the failure of vertebral laminate to fuse?
Spina bífida
Sutures
The cranial bones are connected by immovable joints
carpal tunner syndrome
The edema or connective tissue may apply pressure against the nerve and vessel passing through the tunnel, is characterized by tingling, burning, and numbness in the hand
Intervertebral disks
The fibrocartilage located between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae
Where is the hyoid bone located, why is it unique, and what is its functions?
The hyoid bone is embedded in soft tissue in the neck just below the mandible. The hyoid bone has the unique distinction of being the only bone in the body not directly attached to another bone. It has no direct bony attachment to the skull. The hyoid bone is important for speech and swallowing
The loss of height that occurs with aging is due to
The intervertebral disc
What dos the appendicular skeleton consists of?
The limbs and their girdles
Foramen
The opening through which a nerve or blood vessel passed
What bones form the pelvic girdle?
The two hip bones( coxal bones) and sacrum
Short bones
They are round or nearly cube-shaped
What are the functions of sinuses? Give the locations of the paranasal sinuses.
They decrease the weight of the skull; they act as a resonating chamber when speaking. Frontal sinus, ethmoidal labyrinth sinuses, sphenoidal sinus, maxillary sinus.
Irregular bones
They have a shape that do not readily fit into other three categories
Name and give the number of vertebrae in each of the five regions of the vertebral column.
-7 cervical vertebrae -12 thoracic vertebrae -5 lumbar vertebrae -1 sacral bone -1 coccygeal bone
Male pelvis
-More obvious muscle attachment points -Heart-shaped pelvic inlet -pelvic inlet is less broader -subpubic angle is less than 90 degrees -ilium is less shallow -ischial spines are closer -ischial tubersities are turned medially
Describe the structure and functions of the intervertebral disks
-They are composed of fibrocartilage and are located between the bodies adjacent vertebrae -They provide support and cushion to the vertebral bodies
List the two anatomical portions of the skeletal
-axial skeleton -appendicular skeleton
Name the four major sutures of the skull and the bones they connect
-coronal( the frontal bone and parietal bone) -sagital( the two parietal bones) -lambdoid( parietal and occipital bone) -squamous (the temporal bones)
List the bones of the cranium
-frontal lobe -2 parietal bones -2 temporal bones -occipital bone -sphenoid bone -ethmoid bone
True ribs
-ribs 1-7 -attached directly through costal cartilage to the sternum
False ribs
-ribs 8-12 -they do not attach directly to the sternum
List the eight carpal bones.
-scaphoid -lunate -triquetrum -pisiform -hamate -capitate -trapezoid -trapezium
Female pelvis
-somewhat lighter in weight and wider laterally but shorter superiority to inferiority and less funnel- shaped. -less obvious muscle attachment -sacrum is broader, with the inferior part directed more posteriorly -pelvic inlet is oval shaped -pelvic outlet is broader and more shallow' Subpubic able is 90 degree or more -ilium is more shallow and flared laterally -ischial spines are farther apart -ischial tuberoslities in turned laterally
Floating ribs
-two of the false ribs -ribs 11-12 - they do not attach to the sternum
Spina bífida
A condition that affects the spine and is usually apparent at birth. It is a type of neural tube defect. Can happen anywhere along the spine if the neural tube does not close all the way
What is the carpal tunnel?
A ligament that stretches across the wrist from the tubercle of the trapezium to the hook of the hamate to form a tunnel on the anterior surface of the wrist
Scoliosis
An abnormal lateral and rotational curvature of the vertebral column
Kyphosis
An exaggeration of the concave curve of the thoracic region
Lordosis
An exaggeration of the convex curve of the lumbar region
The first cervical vertebrae is the
atlas
The hyoid bone is part of the
axial skeleton
The heel of the foot is formed by the
calcaneus
The _______ region of the vertebral column is located in the neck.
cervical
The collar bone is the
clavicle
Failure of the palatine processes of the maxilla to fuse properly during development results in a
cleft palate
Ribs that do not attach directly to the sternum are called
false ribs
the large bone of the thigh is the
femur
The lateral malleolus is part of the
fibula
The frontal bone is known as the
forehead
The coxal bone is known as the
hip bone
A dislocated shoulder involves separation of the _______ from the scapula
humerus
The coccyx is the most ______ portion of the vertebral column
inferior
The site where spinal nerves exit the vertebral column is the
intervertebral foramen
A person sits on his/her
ischial tuberosity
What are the parts of the sternum?
manubrium, body, xiphoid process
The point of the elbow is the
olecranon process
Judd has a fractured coxal bone, which means he has a broken
pelvis
Process
prominent projection on a bone
What is the function of the rib cage?
protect internal organs, aid in respiration
Alexander has been diagnosed with a pituitary tumor, which means the tumor is in the
sella turcica
Fossa
shallow depression
Tubercle
small rounded projection
The posterior, inferior projection from vertebrae is the
spinous process
The junction of two pubic bones is the
symphysis pubis
The coccyx is also called the
tailbone
The ribs articulate with the _______ vertebrae
thoracic
The opening in vertebrae for the spinal cord is the
vertebral foramen
A person who gets hit on the back of the head might suffer injury to which of these bones?
Occipital
A herniated disc occurs when there is protrusion of the
Nucleus pulposus
The skull bone that forms the chin is also the only bone connected to the skull by freely moveable joint. The bone is the
Mandible