Anatomy and Physiology FINAL

Place these leukocytes in order from the most common to the least common: 1) basophil 2) eosinophil 3) lymphocyte 4) monocyte 5) neutrophil

5, 3, 4, 2, 1

Normal blood pH falls in a range between _________ to _________. CH18

7.35;7.45

Main function is to filter and process the nutrient-rich blood delivered to it. CH23

A

A persistent clot in an unbroken blood vessel is known as ________. CH18

A thrombus

Which blood type is referred to as the "universal recipient" since it can recieve blood types A, B, AB, and O? CH18

AB

Substances that the body recognizes as foreign are called _________. CH18

Antigens

Which of the following is true of antigens? CH21

Antigens are substances that activate the adaptive immune response

Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label I. CH23

Ascending colon

type A blood CH18

B

A person with type B blood can receive blood from blood type(s)______. CH18

B,O

Intrinsic factor, produced by cells in the stomach, is necessary for the absorption of vitamin ________ in the small intestine. CH23

B12

Which of these blood types carries no antigens? CH18

Blood type O

Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label O. CH23

Body

Produces a mucoid barrier to prevent self-digestion. CH23

C

Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label B. CH23

Cardia

Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label L. CH19

Chordae tendineae

Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label E. CH19

Coronary sinus

Produces enzymes that break down all categories of foodstuffs. CH23

D

type O blood. CH18

D

Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label G. CH23

Duodenum

Bacteria process undigested chyme from the small intestine. CH23

E

Which type of leukocyte kills parasitic worms by deluging them with digestive enzymes? CH18

Eosinophil

The condition in which maternal antibodies cross the placenta and destroy the baby's RBC's is called _________. CH18

Erythroblastosis fetalis

What hormone controls the rate of erythrocyte production? CH18

Erythropoietin

The percentage of erythrocytes in blood is known as the ________. CH18

Hematocrit

What part of a red blood cell binds and transports oxygen? CH18

Hemoglobin

Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label B. CH23

Hepatic portal vein

Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label N. CH23

Ileum

The gallbladder is indicated by ________. CH23

Label E

The pancreas is indicated by ________. CH23

Label L

In a centrifuged blood sample, the buffy coat situated between the formed elements and the plasma contains _______. CH18

Leukocytes and platelets

Jordan works in a hematology l and processed a blood report showing 22,000 WBC/mm^3 of blood for a patient. He suspects this patient has a bacterial infection leading to _____. CH18

Leukocytosis

Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label P. CH23

Muscularis mucosae

The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the ________ cells. CH21

NK

Which body cavity would be most affected if a patient lacked an adequate number of erythrocytes (anemia)? CH18

Oxygen transport

The matrix of blood is called _______. CH18

Plasma

If you carry the Rh antigen, you are referred to as Rh_____. CH18

Positive

A mismatch of blood types during a transfusion is dangerous because_____. CH18

Preformed antibodies in the recipient's blood will bind and clump together (agglutinate) the donated cells

Which of the following would not be a possible cause of sickling of red blood cells in someone with sickle-cell anemia? CH18

Prolonged exposure to cold

Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label F. CH23

Pyloric sphincter

Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label H. CH19

Right ventricle

Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label M. CH23

Rugae

Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label R. CH23

Sigmoid colon

Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label A. CH19

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Blood is _____. CH18

Slightly alkaline

Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label D. (picture of heart) CH19

Superior vena cava

Select the correct statement about the heart valves. CH19

The atrioventricular (AV) valves prevent backflow of blood added into the atria during ventricular contraction.

________ are large lymphoid nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx. CH21

Tonsils

Incontinence is the inability to control voluntary micturition. CH25

True

Which of the following represents the proper sequence of hemostasis? CH18

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label M. CH23

Villi

Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the ________. CH19

aorta

An incompetent aortic semilunar valve would allow blood to backflow from the ________. CH19

aorta to the left ventricle

Which valve is closed during heart relaxation to prevent blood from backflowing from the aorta into the heart? CH19

aortic semilunar valve

The two superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the ________, while the two inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as the ________. CH19

atria; ventricles

The first heart sound, "lub," is caused by the closure of the ________ valves. CH19

atrioventricular (AV)

The heart sounds "lub" and "dup" result from ________. CH19

closure of heart valves

Oxygenated blood nourishing the myocardium comes from vessels that branch off the aorta called ________. CH19

coronary arteries

The process of physically and chemically breaking food particles down is referred to as ________. CH23

digestion

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys? CH25

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the tissues

Which sphincter operates under voluntary control? CH23

external anal sphincter

Cells that help regulate the immune response are ________ cells. CH21

helper T

Excretion of dilute urine requires ________. CH25

impermeability of the collecting tubule to water

What is the first digestive process, which involves placing food in the mouth, to occur? CH23

ingestion

Immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called ________ immunity. CH21

innate

Cardiac muscle cells differ from skeletal muscle fibers in that the cardiac muscle cells are uniquely interconnected by (the) ________. CH19

intercalated discs

A sample of John's blood shows a high level of pyrogens. This would indicate that John CH21

is running a fever.

An advantage to adaptive immunity is ________. CH21

its memory cells that provide quicker, larger and more efficient immune response upon second and subsequent exposure to an antigen

Erythrocytes _________. CH18

lack a nucleus and most organelles

The walls of the ________ are substantially thicker because that chamber acts as the more powerful systemic pump of the heart. CH19

left ventricle

Bile is formed by the ________ and stored in the ________. CH23

liver; gallbladder

All of the following are true of the kidneys except that they are CH25

located partly within the pelvic cavity.

Small secondary lymphoid organs, which cluster along lymphatic vessels, are termed ________. CH21

lymph nodes

What is the muscular layer of the heart wall? CH19

myocardium

Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ________ immunity. CH21

naturally acquired active

Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus is called ________ immunity. CH21

naturally acquired passive

The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the ________. CH25

nephron

Which set of salivary glands are situated anterior to the ear? CH23

parotid glands

Hydrochloric acid is necessary in the stomach for the conversion of pepsinogen into its active protein-digesting form called ________. CH23

pepsin

Vaccines work by ________. CH21

priming the adaptive immunity with a relatively harmless primary exposure

The transportation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is known as ________ circulation. CH19

pulmonary

Lymphocytes CH21

respond to antigens.

Which heart structure receives blood from the systemic circuit? CH19

right atrium

The tricuspid valve is located between the ________. CH19

right atrium and right ventricle

Which two hormones promote the release of bile and pancreatic juice into the small intestine? CH23

secretin; cholecystokinin (CCK)

When the lymphatic structures of a limb are blocked due to tumors, the result is ________. CH21

severe localized edema distal to the blockage of that limb

Which of the following is often called the pacemaker of the heart? CH19

sinoatrial (SA) node

You notice a missing P wave on a patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) and believe there is a problem with the ________. CH19

sinoatrial (SA) node

Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart? CH19

sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

Defense of the body against a particular pathogen is provided by CH21

specific immunity.

Which term means heart contraction? CH19

systole

Leslie has a bad sore throat and the lymph glands in her neck are swollen. This would indicate that CH21

the affected lymph glands contain an increased number of lymphocytes.

A vaccine is effective because ________. CH21

the secondary response of the adaptive immunity is faster and more efficient than the primary response

Most (approximately 2/3rds) of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the CH21

thoracic duct.

T is to ________ as B is to ________. CH21

thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived

The primary function of the lymphoid system is CH21

to transport lymph, a fluid containing infection-fighting white blood cells, throughout the body.

The lymphoid system does all of the following, except that it CH21

transports gases to and away from lymph nodes.

Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle? CH19

tricuspid valve

The mitral valve is normally closed ________. CH19

when the ventricle is in systole

The average functional lifespan of an RBC is ______. CH18

100-120 days