Anatomy and Physiology FINAL
Place these leukocytes in order from the most common to the least common: 1) basophil 2) eosinophil 3) lymphocyte 4) monocyte 5) neutrophil
5, 3, 4, 2, 1
Normal blood pH falls in a range between _________ to _________. CH18
7.35;7.45
Main function is to filter and process the nutrient-rich blood delivered to it. CH23
A
A persistent clot in an unbroken blood vessel is known as ________. CH18
A thrombus
Which blood type is referred to as the "universal recipient" since it can recieve blood types A, B, AB, and O? CH18
AB
Substances that the body recognizes as foreign are called _________. CH18
Antigens
Which of the following is true of antigens? CH21
Antigens are substances that activate the adaptive immune response
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label I. CH23
Ascending colon
type A blood CH18
B
A person with type B blood can receive blood from blood type(s)______. CH18
B,O
Intrinsic factor, produced by cells in the stomach, is necessary for the absorption of vitamin ________ in the small intestine. CH23
B12
Which of these blood types carries no antigens? CH18
Blood type O
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label O. CH23
Body
Produces a mucoid barrier to prevent self-digestion. CH23
C
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label B. CH23
Cardia
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label L. CH19
Chordae tendineae
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label E. CH19
Coronary sinus
Produces enzymes that break down all categories of foodstuffs. CH23
D
type O blood. CH18
D
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label G. CH23
Duodenum
Bacteria process undigested chyme from the small intestine. CH23
E
Which type of leukocyte kills parasitic worms by deluging them with digestive enzymes? CH18
Eosinophil
The condition in which maternal antibodies cross the placenta and destroy the baby's RBC's is called _________. CH18
Erythroblastosis fetalis
What hormone controls the rate of erythrocyte production? CH18
Erythropoietin
The percentage of erythrocytes in blood is known as the ________. CH18
Hematocrit
What part of a red blood cell binds and transports oxygen? CH18
Hemoglobin
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label B. CH23
Hepatic portal vein
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label N. CH23
Ileum
The gallbladder is indicated by ________. CH23
Label E
The pancreas is indicated by ________. CH23
Label L
In a centrifuged blood sample, the buffy coat situated between the formed elements and the plasma contains _______. CH18
Leukocytes and platelets
Jordan works in a hematology l and processed a blood report showing 22,000 WBC/mm^3 of blood for a patient. He suspects this patient has a bacterial infection leading to _____. CH18
Leukocytosis
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label P. CH23
Muscularis mucosae
The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the ________ cells. CH21
NK
Which body cavity would be most affected if a patient lacked an adequate number of erythrocytes (anemia)? CH18
Oxygen transport
The matrix of blood is called _______. CH18
Plasma
If you carry the Rh antigen, you are referred to as Rh_____. CH18
Positive
A mismatch of blood types during a transfusion is dangerous because_____. CH18
Preformed antibodies in the recipient's blood will bind and clump together (agglutinate) the donated cells
Which of the following would not be a possible cause of sickling of red blood cells in someone with sickle-cell anemia? CH18
Prolonged exposure to cold
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label F. CH23
Pyloric sphincter
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label H. CH19
Right ventricle
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label M. CH23
Rugae
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label R. CH23
Sigmoid colon
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label A. CH19
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Blood is _____. CH18
Slightly alkaline
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label D. (picture of heart) CH19
Superior vena cava
Select the correct statement about the heart valves. CH19
The atrioventricular (AV) valves prevent backflow of blood added into the atria during ventricular contraction.
________ are large lymphoid nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx. CH21
Tonsils
Incontinence is the inability to control voluntary micturition. CH25
True
Which of the following represents the proper sequence of hemostasis? CH18
Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label M. CH23
Villi
Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the ________. CH19
aorta
An incompetent aortic semilunar valve would allow blood to backflow from the ________. CH19
aorta to the left ventricle
Which valve is closed during heart relaxation to prevent blood from backflowing from the aorta into the heart? CH19
aortic semilunar valve
The two superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the ________, while the two inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as the ________. CH19
atria; ventricles
The first heart sound, "lub," is caused by the closure of the ________ valves. CH19
atrioventricular (AV)
The heart sounds "lub" and "dup" result from ________. CH19
closure of heart valves
Oxygenated blood nourishing the myocardium comes from vessels that branch off the aorta called ________. CH19
coronary arteries
The process of physically and chemically breaking food particles down is referred to as ________. CH23
digestion
Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys? CH25
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the tissues
Which sphincter operates under voluntary control? CH23
external anal sphincter
Cells that help regulate the immune response are ________ cells. CH21
helper T
Excretion of dilute urine requires ________. CH25
impermeability of the collecting tubule to water
What is the first digestive process, which involves placing food in the mouth, to occur? CH23
ingestion
Immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called ________ immunity. CH21
innate
Cardiac muscle cells differ from skeletal muscle fibers in that the cardiac muscle cells are uniquely interconnected by (the) ________. CH19
intercalated discs
A sample of John's blood shows a high level of pyrogens. This would indicate that John CH21
is running a fever.
An advantage to adaptive immunity is ________. CH21
its memory cells that provide quicker, larger and more efficient immune response upon second and subsequent exposure to an antigen
Erythrocytes _________. CH18
lack a nucleus and most organelles
The walls of the ________ are substantially thicker because that chamber acts as the more powerful systemic pump of the heart. CH19
left ventricle
Bile is formed by the ________ and stored in the ________. CH23
liver; gallbladder
All of the following are true of the kidneys except that they are CH25
located partly within the pelvic cavity.
Small secondary lymphoid organs, which cluster along lymphatic vessels, are termed ________. CH21
lymph nodes
What is the muscular layer of the heart wall? CH19
myocardium
Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ________ immunity. CH21
naturally acquired active
Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus is called ________ immunity. CH21
naturally acquired passive
The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the ________. CH25
nephron
Which set of salivary glands are situated anterior to the ear? CH23
parotid glands
Hydrochloric acid is necessary in the stomach for the conversion of pepsinogen into its active protein-digesting form called ________. CH23
pepsin
Vaccines work by ________. CH21
priming the adaptive immunity with a relatively harmless primary exposure
The transportation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is known as ________ circulation. CH19
pulmonary
Lymphocytes CH21
respond to antigens.
Which heart structure receives blood from the systemic circuit? CH19
right atrium
The tricuspid valve is located between the ________. CH19
right atrium and right ventricle
Which two hormones promote the release of bile and pancreatic juice into the small intestine? CH23
secretin; cholecystokinin (CCK)
When the lymphatic structures of a limb are blocked due to tumors, the result is ________. CH21
severe localized edema distal to the blockage of that limb
Which of the following is often called the pacemaker of the heart? CH19
sinoatrial (SA) node
You notice a missing P wave on a patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) and believe there is a problem with the ________. CH19
sinoatrial (SA) node
Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart? CH19
sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
Defense of the body against a particular pathogen is provided by CH21
specific immunity.
Which term means heart contraction? CH19
systole
Leslie has a bad sore throat and the lymph glands in her neck are swollen. This would indicate that CH21
the affected lymph glands contain an increased number of lymphocytes.
A vaccine is effective because ________. CH21
the secondary response of the adaptive immunity is faster and more efficient than the primary response
Most (approximately 2/3rds) of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the CH21
thoracic duct.
T is to ________ as B is to ________. CH21
thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived
The primary function of the lymphoid system is CH21
to transport lymph, a fluid containing infection-fighting white blood cells, throughout the body.
The lymphoid system does all of the following, except that it CH21
transports gases to and away from lymph nodes.
Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle? CH19
tricuspid valve
The mitral valve is normally closed ________. CH19
when the ventricle is in systole
The average functional lifespan of an RBC is ______. CH18
100-120 days