Anatomy and Physiology: Unit 1
Peritoneal Membrane lines the _________
Abdominal cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity contains the _______ and _________ (cavities)
Abdominal cavity; pelvic cavity
Requirements of Organisms (Maintenance of Life)
The quality and quantity of water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure
What does the Abdominal cavity contain?
The stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, kidneys, and most of the small/large intestines
Cardiovascular System Functions:
Transports gases, nutrients, hormones, and blood
Lymphatic System Functions:
Transports tissue fluid back to bloodstream, carries fatty substances away from the digestive organs, defends the body from infections
Pericardium lines the _________
pericardial cavity
Levels of Organization
Atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organs, organ systems, organism
Skeletal System Organs:
Bones, ligaments, cartilage
Cranial cavity contains the _______
Brain
Nervous System Organs:
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs
Digestive System Functions:
Break down food molecules, materials not absorbed are eliminated, some organs produce hormones
Nervous System Functions:
Communicate with each other and muscles, detect changes inside and outside the body, interpret and respond to information, stimulates muscles to contract or secrete products
Respiratory System Functions:
Exchanges gases between the blood and air
Cardiovascular System Organs:
Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood
Endocrine System Organs:
Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes, pineal gland, and thymus
Urinary System Organs:
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
Lymphatic System Organs:
Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, lymph
Reproductive System Functions:
Male: Produce and maintain sperm cells, transports sperm cells to female system Female: Produce and maintain egg cells, receives sperm cells, supports development of embryos
Reproductive System Organs:
Male: Scrotum, testes, epididymides, ductus deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, penis, and urethra Female: Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, and vulva
Digestive System Organs:
Mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine
Characteristics of life (10)
Movement, responsiveness, growth, reproduction, respiration, digestion, absorption, circulation, assimilation (chemically changing substances), excretion
Muscular System Organs:
Muscles
Respiratory System Organs:
Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
Homeostasis Process
Normal Temp; stimulus (change in external or internal environment); receptors (detect change); control center (receive information, then send info to muscles/organs); effectors (work to return body to previous state)
Pleural membrane lines the _________
Pleural cavity
Integumentary System Functions:
Protect underlying tissues, help regulate body temperature, house a variety sensory receptors, and synthesizes certain products
Skeletal System Functions:
Provide frameworks and protective shields for softer tissues, attachments for muscles; tissues within bones also produce blood cells and store inorganic salts
Muscular System Functions:
Provides movement and forces that moves body parts, maintains posture, major source of heat
Urinary System Functions:
Removes waste from blood, maintains the body's water and electrolyte concentrations (urine is a by-product), stores and transports urine out of the body
Abdominal Regions
Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lateral, umbilical, left lateral, right inguinal, pubic, left inguinal
Endocrine System Functions:
Secrete hormones
Integumentary System Organs:
Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands
Vertebral canal contains the _________
Spinal cord
Transverse: A transverse section divides the body into ______ and _______ portions
Superior; inferior
What does the Pelvic cavity contain?
Terminal portion of large intestine, the urinary bladder, and the internal reproductive organs
Anatomical position
Terms of relative position used to describe the location of a part relative to another part
Organization of the Human Body
The body is a complex structure with many parts including body cavities, layers of membranes, and a variety of organ systems
Superior: A body part is ______ another part
above
Frontal (coronal): A coronal section divides the body into ______ and ______ sections
anterior; posterior
Posterior (dorsal): Toward the
back
Inferior: A body part is ______ another part
below
Homeostasis Negative Feedback
blood acidity, heart rate, breathing, body temp, blood pressure, water, glucose
Proximal: Means _______ to the point of attachment to the trunk
closer
Distal: Means ______ from the point of attachment to the trunk
farther
Anterior (ventral): Toward the ______
front
Physiology studies the _________ of these parts
function
Pericardial cavity contains the ________
heart
Mediastinum contains the _______, _________, ________, and __________
heart, esophagus, thymus, and trachea
Maintenance of a stable internal environment is called ________
homeostasis
Deep: Situated ________ form the surface
internally
Midsagittal: centrally divides body into equal ______ and ______ portions
left; right
Sagittal: A sagittal section divides the body into _____ and ______ portions
left; right
Pleural cavities contain the ________
lungs
Thoracic cavity contains the ________
lungs and heart
Medial: Toward the ________
midline
Superficial: Situated ______ to the surface
near
Lateral: Toward the _______
side
Anatomy deals with the ______ of the body and its ___________.
structure; organization