Anatomy and Physiology: Unit 1

Peritoneal Membrane lines the _________

Abdominal cavity

Abdominopelvic cavity contains the _______ and _________ (cavities)

Abdominal cavity; pelvic cavity

Requirements of Organisms (Maintenance of Life)

The quality and quantity of water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure

What does the Abdominal cavity contain?

The stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, kidneys, and most of the small/large intestines

Cardiovascular System Functions:

Transports gases, nutrients, hormones, and blood

Lymphatic System Functions:

Transports tissue fluid back to bloodstream, carries fatty substances away from the digestive organs, defends the body from infections

Pericardium lines the _________

pericardial cavity

Levels of Organization

Atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organs, organ systems, organism

Skeletal System Organs:

Bones, ligaments, cartilage

Cranial cavity contains the _______

Brain

Nervous System Organs:

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs

Digestive System Functions:

Break down food molecules, materials not absorbed are eliminated, some organs produce hormones

Nervous System Functions:

Communicate with each other and muscles, detect changes inside and outside the body, interpret and respond to information, stimulates muscles to contract or secrete products

Respiratory System Functions:

Exchanges gases between the blood and air

Cardiovascular System Organs:

Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood

Endocrine System Organs:

Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes, pineal gland, and thymus

Urinary System Organs:

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

Lymphatic System Organs:

Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, lymph

Reproductive System Functions:

Male: Produce and maintain sperm cells, transports sperm cells to female system Female: Produce and maintain egg cells, receives sperm cells, supports development of embryos

Reproductive System Organs:

Male: Scrotum, testes, epididymides, ductus deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, penis, and urethra Female: Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, and vulva

Digestive System Organs:

Mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine

Characteristics of life (10)

Movement, responsiveness, growth, reproduction, respiration, digestion, absorption, circulation, assimilation (chemically changing substances), excretion

Muscular System Organs:

Muscles

Respiratory System Organs:

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

Homeostasis Process

Normal Temp; stimulus (change in external or internal environment); receptors (detect change); control center (receive information, then send info to muscles/organs); effectors (work to return body to previous state)

Pleural membrane lines the _________

Pleural cavity

Integumentary System Functions:

Protect underlying tissues, help regulate body temperature, house a variety sensory receptors, and synthesizes certain products

Skeletal System Functions:

Provide frameworks and protective shields for softer tissues, attachments for muscles; tissues within bones also produce blood cells and store inorganic salts

Muscular System Functions:

Provides movement and forces that moves body parts, maintains posture, major source of heat

Urinary System Functions:

Removes waste from blood, maintains the body's water and electrolyte concentrations (urine is a by-product), stores and transports urine out of the body

Abdominal Regions

Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lateral, umbilical, left lateral, right inguinal, pubic, left inguinal

Endocrine System Functions:

Secrete hormones

Integumentary System Organs:

Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands

Vertebral canal contains the _________

Spinal cord

Transverse: A transverse section divides the body into ______ and _______ portions

Superior; inferior

What does the Pelvic cavity contain?

Terminal portion of large intestine, the urinary bladder, and the internal reproductive organs

Anatomical position

Terms of relative position used to describe the location of a part relative to another part

Organization of the Human Body

The body is a complex structure with many parts including body cavities, layers of membranes, and a variety of organ systems

Superior: A body part is ______ another part

above

Frontal (coronal): A coronal section divides the body into ______ and ______ sections

anterior; posterior

Posterior (dorsal): Toward the

back

Inferior: A body part is ______ another part

below

Homeostasis Negative Feedback

blood acidity, heart rate, breathing, body temp, blood pressure, water, glucose

Proximal: Means _______ to the point of attachment to the trunk

closer

Distal: Means ______ from the point of attachment to the trunk

farther

Anterior (ventral): Toward the ______

front

Physiology studies the _________ of these parts

function

Pericardial cavity contains the ________

heart

Mediastinum contains the _______, _________, ________, and __________

heart, esophagus, thymus, and trachea

Maintenance of a stable internal environment is called ________

homeostasis

Deep: Situated ________ form the surface

internally

Midsagittal: centrally divides body into equal ______ and ______ portions

left; right

Sagittal: A sagittal section divides the body into _____ and ______ portions

left; right

Pleural cavities contain the ________

lungs

Thoracic cavity contains the ________

lungs and heart

Medial: Toward the ________

midline

Superficial: Situated ______ to the surface

near

Lateral: Toward the _______

side

Anatomy deals with the ______ of the body and its ___________.

structure; organization