Anatomy Ch.7 Axial Skeleton
The cervical region of the vertebral column contains
7 vertebrae.
Which cranial fossa, formed by the frontal bone, ethmoid bone, and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone, houses the frontal lobes of the cerebrum?
Anterior cranial fossa
The intervertebral discs are composed of which structures?
Anulus fibrosus Nucleus pulposus
What are the two main divisions of the skeletal system?
Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton
Which bone in the skull helps to form the floor of the cranium, the roof of the nasal cavity, and the medial wall of the orbit?
Ethmoid bone
What type of tissue makes up an intervertebral disc?
Fibrocartilage
What areas of the skull are formed by the temporal bones?
Floor of the cranium Inferior lateral walls
What foramina penetrate the greater wings of the sphenoid bone?
Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum
Which cerebral lobe is housed within the anterior cranial fossa?
Frontal lobe
What are functions of the vertebral column?
Houses and protects the spinal cord Provides vertical support for the body Helps to transfer axial skeletal weight to the lower limbs
Which bone associated with the skull is an attachment site for tongue and larynx muscles?
Hyoid
Which opening in the occipital bone allows the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) to exit the skull?
Hypoglossal canal
Which nerve passes through the hypoglossal canal of the occipital bone as it travels to supply the tongue muscles?
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Identify the auditory ossicles housed within the petrous part of the temporal bone.
Incus Stapes Malleus
Which opening in the petrous part of the temporal bone acts as a passageway for nerves and blood vessels supplying the inner ear?
Internal acoustic meatus
Which facial bone helps to form the medial wall of the orbit?
Lacrimal bone
Which bone forms the lower jaw?
Mandible
The bump you feel posterior to your ear lobe on your lateral skull corresponds to which structure of the temporal bone?
Mastoid process
The pterygoid processes of the sphenoid bone form the
Medial and lateral pterygoid plates
what areas of the skull are formed in part by the ethmoid bone?
Medial wall of orbit Floor of the cranium Roof of the nasal cavity
Which of the following bones are often fractured by blows to the nose?
Nasal bones
Which feature of the occipital bone articulates with the first cervical vertebra?
Occipital condyles
Which cranial nerve passes through the optic canal of the sphenoid bone?
Optic nerve (CN II)
Which part of the temporal bone houses the sensory structures of the inner ear?
Petrous part
what regions of the skull is formed by the parietal bones?
Roof of the cranium
Which type of vertebrae start to fuse together shortly after puberty and are completely fused between ages 20 and 30?
Sacral
Which area of the sphenoid bone houses the pituitary gland?
Sella turcica
Which structural feature of the seventh cervical vertebra (C7) allows it to be easily palpated through the skin of the shoulder blades and inferior to the neck?
Spinous process
Which structure of the vertebra is able to be palpated through the skin of the back?
Spinous processes
which component of the thoracic cage consists of a manubrium, body, and xiphoid process?
Sternum
Which thin, pointed projection of the temporal bone serves as an attachment site for several hyoid and tongue muscles?
Styloid process
What are the parts of the ethmoid bone?
Superior nasal conchae Middle nasal conchae Crista galli
What are the functions of cranial bones?
Surround and protect the brain Provide attachment sites for several jaw, head and neck muscles
Which bone consists of petrous, squamous, and tympanic parts?
Temporal bone
What statements describe the false ribs?
They indirectly articulate with the sternum through shared costal cartilages. They articulate with the thoracic vertebrae.
Which part of the axial skeleton acts as a protective framework around the vital organs of the thorax and provides attachment points for the muscles supporting the pectoral girdles?
Thoracic cage
What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?
To provide resonance to the voice To lighten the weight of skull bones To humidify and warm inhaled air
Which is a function of the cranial bones?
To surround and protect the brain
What are the lateral projections on both sides of the vertebral arch?
Transverse processes
Which characteristic feature of sacral vertebrae represent the remnants of the horizontal lines of fusion between the five vertebrae?
Transverse ridges
Which facial bone helps to form the cheek and lateral part of the orbit?
Zygomatic bone
The ____ cranial fossa is the shallowest of the three cranial fossae.
anterior
The superior and inferior nuchal lines are ______.
attachment sites for neck muscles
The foramen in the greater wings of the sphenoid bone carry ______.
blood vessels to meninges
The anterior, weight bearing part of each vertebra is known as the ______.
body
The medial portion of the sphenoid bone is called the ______.
body
What areas of the skull are formed in part by the frontal bone?
calvaria forehead roof of orbits
The internal carotid artery passes through the opening in the temporal bone called the ______.
carotid canal
The zygomatic bones are commonly called ______.
cheekbones
The vertebral canal contains the spinal _______, while the intervertebral foramina allow for passage of the spinal nerves.
cord
The ____ fossae along the floor of the cranial cavity contain depressions for parts of the brain, grooves for blood vessels, and numerous foramina.
cranial
The three curved depressions in the floor of the cranial cavity are called the ______.
cranial fossae
The crista galli of the _____ bone acts as a point of attachment for the falx cerebri.
ethmoid
The olfactory nerves (CN I) pass through the cribriform foramina in the cribriform plate of the ______.
ethmoid bone
The tympanic part of the temporal bone surrounds the ______.
external acoustic meatus
True or false: The inferior nasal conchae are part of the ethmoid bone.
false
The anterior part of the calvaria, the forehead, and the roof of the orbits receive contributions from the ______.
frontal bone
The glabella, superciliary arch, supraorbital margin, and supraorbital foramen (notch) are all features of the ______.
frontal bone
The small, paired ______ bones help to form part of the medial wall of the orbit
lacrimal
The temporal bone and mandible articulate to form the tempormandibular joint at the ______.
mandibular fossa
The prominent bulge on the inferior surface of the temporal bone that acts as an anchor for neck muscles is called the _____
mastoid process
The bridge of the nose is formed by the ____ bones
nasal
When you move your occipital condyles against your vertebrae, you are ______.
nodding "yes"
The superior lateral walls and roof of the cranium are formed by the ______.
parietal bones
The dorsum sella is the ______ border of the sella turcica.
posterior
The thoracic and sacral curvatures of the vertebral column, which develop to accommodate the thoracic and abdominopelvic viscera, are classified as ______.
primary curves
The paranasal ______ help to lighten the weight of certain skull bones and provides resonance to the voice.
sinuses
The lateral and flat surface of the temporal bone is the ______ part.
squamous
A thin, pointed process located in the posterioinferior surface of the temporal bone is called the
styloid process
The facial nerve (CN VII) passes through the opening in the temporal bone called the ______
stylomastoid foramen
The brow ridges are known at the _____.
superciliary arches
A ____ is an immovable joint forming the boundary between cranial bones.
suture
The inferior lateral walls and part of the floor of the cranium are formed by the ______.
temporal bones
the orbital part of the frontal bone forms ______.
the roof of the orbit
The thoracic cage consists of the ______.
thoracic vertebrae, sternum, ribs
The entrance to the external acoustic meatus is located in the ______ part of the temporal bone.
tympanic
The entrance to the external acoustic meatus is located in the ___ part of the temporal bone.
tympanic, petrous, or lateral
The right and left maxillae unite to form the ____ jaw
upper
Vertebra C7 is also called the _____.
vertebra prominens
Supporting the weight of the head is a function of the adult ______.
vertebral column