Anatomy Ch.7 Axial Skeleton

The cervical region of the vertebral column contains

7 vertebrae.

Which cranial fossa, formed by the frontal bone, ethmoid bone, and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone, houses the frontal lobes of the cerebrum?

Anterior cranial fossa

The intervertebral discs are composed of which structures?

Anulus fibrosus Nucleus pulposus

What are the two main divisions of the skeletal system?

Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton

Which bone in the skull helps to form the floor of the cranium, the roof of the nasal cavity, and the medial wall of the orbit?

Ethmoid bone

What type of tissue makes up an intervertebral disc?

Fibrocartilage

What areas of the skull are formed by the temporal bones?

Floor of the cranium Inferior lateral walls

What foramina penetrate the greater wings of the sphenoid bone?

Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum

Which cerebral lobe is housed within the anterior cranial fossa?

Frontal lobe

What are functions of the vertebral column?

Houses and protects the spinal cord Provides vertical support for the body Helps to transfer axial skeletal weight to the lower limbs

Which bone associated with the skull is an attachment site for tongue and larynx muscles?

Hyoid

Which opening in the occipital bone allows the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) to exit the skull?

Hypoglossal canal

Which nerve passes through the hypoglossal canal of the occipital bone as it travels to supply the tongue muscles?

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Identify the auditory ossicles housed within the petrous part of the temporal bone.

Incus Stapes Malleus

Which opening in the petrous part of the temporal bone acts as a passageway for nerves and blood vessels supplying the inner ear?

Internal acoustic meatus

Which facial bone helps to form the medial wall of the orbit?

Lacrimal bone

Which bone forms the lower jaw?

Mandible

The bump you feel posterior to your ear lobe on your lateral skull corresponds to which structure of the temporal bone?

Mastoid process

The pterygoid processes of the sphenoid bone form the

Medial and lateral pterygoid plates

what areas of the skull are formed in part by the ethmoid bone?

Medial wall of orbit Floor of the cranium Roof of the nasal cavity

Which of the following bones are often fractured by blows to the nose?

Nasal bones

Which feature of the occipital bone articulates with the first cervical vertebra?

Occipital condyles

Which cranial nerve passes through the optic canal of the sphenoid bone?

Optic nerve (CN II)

Which part of the temporal bone houses the sensory structures of the inner ear?

Petrous part

what regions of the skull is formed by the parietal bones?

Roof of the cranium

Which type of vertebrae start to fuse together shortly after puberty and are completely fused between ages 20 and 30?

Sacral

Which area of the sphenoid bone houses the pituitary gland?

Sella turcica

Which structural feature of the seventh cervical vertebra (C7) allows it to be easily palpated through the skin of the shoulder blades and inferior to the neck?

Spinous process

Which structure of the vertebra is able to be palpated through the skin of the back?

Spinous processes

which component of the thoracic cage consists of a manubrium, body, and xiphoid process?

Sternum

Which thin, pointed projection of the temporal bone serves as an attachment site for several hyoid and tongue muscles?

Styloid process

What are the parts of the ethmoid bone?

Superior nasal conchae Middle nasal conchae Crista galli

What are the functions of cranial bones?

Surround and protect the brain Provide attachment sites for several jaw, head and neck muscles

Which bone consists of petrous, squamous, and tympanic parts?

Temporal bone

What statements describe the false ribs?

They indirectly articulate with the sternum through shared costal cartilages. They articulate with the thoracic vertebrae.

Which part of the axial skeleton acts as a protective framework around the vital organs of the thorax and provides attachment points for the muscles supporting the pectoral girdles?

Thoracic cage

What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?

To provide resonance to the voice To lighten the weight of skull bones To humidify and warm inhaled air

Which is a function of the cranial bones?

To surround and protect the brain

What are the lateral projections on both sides of the vertebral arch?

Transverse processes

Which characteristic feature of sacral vertebrae represent the remnants of the horizontal lines of fusion between the five vertebrae?

Transverse ridges

Which facial bone helps to form the cheek and lateral part of the orbit?

Zygomatic bone

The ____ cranial fossa is the shallowest of the three cranial fossae.

anterior

The superior and inferior nuchal lines are ______.

attachment sites for neck muscles

The foramen in the greater wings of the sphenoid bone carry ______.

blood vessels to meninges

The anterior, weight bearing part of each vertebra is known as the ______.

body

The medial portion of the sphenoid bone is called the ______.

body

What areas of the skull are formed in part by the frontal bone?

calvaria forehead roof of orbits

The internal carotid artery passes through the opening in the temporal bone called the ______.

carotid canal

The zygomatic bones are commonly called ______.

cheekbones

The vertebral canal contains the spinal _______, while the intervertebral foramina allow for passage of the spinal nerves.

cord

The ____ fossae along the floor of the cranial cavity contain depressions for parts of the brain, grooves for blood vessels, and numerous foramina.

cranial

The three curved depressions in the floor of the cranial cavity are called the ______.

cranial fossae

The crista galli of the _____ bone acts as a point of attachment for the falx cerebri.

ethmoid

The olfactory nerves (CN I) pass through the cribriform foramina in the cribriform plate of the ______.

ethmoid bone

The tympanic part of the temporal bone surrounds the ______.

external acoustic meatus

True or false: The inferior nasal conchae are part of the ethmoid bone.

false

The anterior part of the calvaria, the forehead, and the roof of the orbits receive contributions from the ______.

frontal bone

The glabella, superciliary arch, supraorbital margin, and supraorbital foramen (notch) are all features of the ______.

frontal bone

The small, paired ______ bones help to form part of the medial wall of the orbit

lacrimal

The temporal bone and mandible articulate to form the tempormandibular joint at the ______.

mandibular fossa

The prominent bulge on the inferior surface of the temporal bone that acts as an anchor for neck muscles is called the _____

mastoid process

The bridge of the nose is formed by the ____ bones

nasal

When you move your occipital condyles against your vertebrae, you are ______.

nodding "yes"

The superior lateral walls and roof of the cranium are formed by the ______.

parietal bones

The dorsum sella is the ______ border of the sella turcica.

posterior

The thoracic and sacral curvatures of the vertebral column, which develop to accommodate the thoracic and abdominopelvic viscera, are classified as ______.

primary curves

The paranasal ______ help to lighten the weight of certain skull bones and provides resonance to the voice.

sinuses

The lateral and flat surface of the temporal bone is the ______ part.

squamous

A thin, pointed process located in the posterioinferior surface of the temporal bone is called the

styloid process

The facial nerve (CN VII) passes through the opening in the temporal bone called the ______

stylomastoid foramen

The brow ridges are known at the _____.

superciliary arches

A ____ is an immovable joint forming the boundary between cranial bones.

suture

The inferior lateral walls and part of the floor of the cranium are formed by the ______.

temporal bones

the orbital part of the frontal bone forms ______.

the roof of the orbit

The thoracic cage consists of the ______.

thoracic vertebrae, sternum, ribs

The entrance to the external acoustic meatus is located in the ______ part of the temporal bone.

tympanic

The entrance to the external acoustic meatus is located in the ___ part of the temporal bone.

tympanic, petrous, or lateral

The right and left maxillae unite to form the ____ jaw

upper

Vertebra C7 is also called the _____.

vertebra prominens

Supporting the weight of the head is a function of the adult ______.

vertebral column