Anatomy Chapter 18 Test

A rise in cotrisole would cause and increase in each of the following, EXCEPT the

ACTH levels

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is

TSH

The anterior pituitary is also known as the _________

adenohypophysis

Coordinating centers in the hypothalamus regulate the activities of the nervous and endocrine system by all of the following, except

a modified positive feedback loop involving the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland

A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion concentration of the blood is

aldosterone

Cells of the adrenal cortex produce

aldosterone

Reduced fluid losses in urine due to retention of Na+ and water is the result of the action of

aldosterone

Male is to _______ as females is to _______

androgens, progesterone

The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of

angiotensin

All of the following are true of steroid hormones, EXCEPT that they

are produced by the adrenal medulla

The adrenal medulla produces

catecholamines

Peptide hormones are

composed of amino acids

Pheochromocytomas are tumors of the adrenal medulla that cause hypersecretion of the catecholamines produced by this region of the adrenal gland. What symptom would you NOT associate with a person who suffers from this condition?

constricted pupils

The pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans)

contain endocrine cells

A hormone that promotes the conversion of lipids to glucose and the formation of glycogen in the liver is

cortisol

The primary function of ADH is to

decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys

Norepinephrine and epinephrine are called ________ when released into the bloodstream, but ________ when released across synapses

hormones; neurotransmitters

Joe is 50 years old and has a pituitary tumor that produces excess amounts of growth hormone. Which of the following symptoms would you expect to observe as a result of this condition?

hyperglycemia

Addison's disease is the result of inadequate secretion of both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids by the adrenal gland. What symptoms would you expect to observe in a person suffering from this disease

hypoglycemia

The most complex endocrine responses involve the

hypothalamus

The condition known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD) may be caused by

increased levels of melatonin

The effects of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissue include

increased sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation

A rise in angiotensin 2 levels would result in all of the following, EXCEPT

increased urine production

The cells of the parathyroid glands produce a hormone that

increases the level of calcium ions in the blood

Parathyroid hormone does all of the following, EXCEPT that it

increases urinary losses

The hormone that causes a decrease in FSH levels in both males and females is

inhibin

The beta cells of the pancreas produce

insulin

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is

insulin

When blood glucose levels rise,

insulin is released

What effect would a large INCREASE in cortisol have on insulin secretion

insulin secretion would increase

Thyroid hormone contains the mineral

iodine

During the resistnce phase of the general adapttation syndrome (GAS)

lipid reserves are mobilized

Angiotensin 1 is converted to angiotensin 2 by converting enzymes in the

lungs

Pinealocytes produce

melatonin

During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) there is

mobilization of energy reserves

The condition known as goiter can result from too

much TSH

The posterior pituitary is also known as the _________

neurohypophysis

A simple endocrine reflex involves _______ hormone(s)

one

In general, the effects of natriuretic peptides _______ those of angiotensin 2

oppose

You are with your friend in the hospital who is about to give birth. Because the contractions are not progressing as expected, the physician decides to order something to help promote uterine wall contractions. You know that she is ordering

oxytocin

The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is

prolactin

Growth hormone does all of the following, EXCEPT that it

promotes neuron growth and development

The hormone oxytocin

promotes uterine contractions

Cells in the body that are sensitive to the presence of hormones are called _________ cells.

target

Alpha cells are to ________ as beta cells are to ______

glucagon; insulin

Hormones that dominate during the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) are the

glucocorticoids

Transection of the infundibulum would result in a loss of which of the following hormone(s)

growth hormone

Decreased blood flow to the kidneys would lead to all of the following, EXCEPT

(B and C only) elevated levels of aldosterone, increased levels of erythropoietin

The kidneys are responsible for the secretion of

(all of the above) renin, erythropoietin, calcitrol

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland produces __________ hormones

7

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is

ACTH

Changes in blood osmotic pressure would affect the levels of _________ in the blood

ADH

The posterior pituitary gland secretes

ADH

Your overweight, 60-year-old grandmother complains of being thirsty all the time, always having the urinate, and feeling very dehydrated. You recognize that not only is she exhibiting the symptoms of diabetes, but she may also have a deficiency of the hormone

ADH

The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually

G protein

TSH plays a key role in the ________ of thyroid hormones

Both B and C (synthesis and release)

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is

FSH

The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is

LH

The pituitary hormone that stimulates melanocytes to produce melanin is

MSH

Each of the following statements concerning the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide are true, EXCEPT one. Identify the exception

atrial natriuretic peptide increased aldosterone secretion

Steroid hormones

bind to intracellular receptors

Steroid hormones

bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells

When adenyl cyclase is activated

cAMP is formed

A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is

calcitonin

The C cells of the thyroid gland produce

calcitonin

The ______________ effect of thyroid hormones enables us to adapt to cold temperatures.

calorigenic

Hormones known as "catecholamines" are

derivatives of amino acids

The exocrine portion of the pancreas produces

digestive enzymes

The hypothalamus acts as a(n) ________ organ

endocrine

The hormone that dominates during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is

epinephrine

The adrenal medulla produces the hormones

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Increased numbers of red blood cells would result from increased in the hormone

erythropoietin

Follicle cells in the ovary produce large quantities of _______ when stimulated by FSH

estrogen

When steroid hormones bind to their receptors,

gene transcription occurs

The alpha cells of the pancreas produce

glucagon

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to rise is

glucagon

When blood glucose levels fall,

glucagon is released

The _______ lies within the abdominopelvic cavity near the border between the stomach and the small intestine

pancreas

Increased levels of the hormone _______ will lead to increased levels of calcium ion in the blood

parathormone

Cushing's disease manifests itself due to an overproduction of

parathyroid hormone

The hormone that is the antagonist of calcitonin is

parathyroid hormone

Which of the following statements concerning peptide hormones is FALSE

peptide hormones are always found in the bloodstream bound to carrier proteins

Hormones can alter cellular operations by changing all of the following, except the

permeability of the nuclear membrane

Melatonin is produced by the

pineal gland

A structure known as the corpus luteum secretes

progesterone

Endocrine cells

release their secretions directly into body fluids

The hypothalamus controls secretions of the anterior pituitary by way of

releasing and inhibiting hormones

If stress lasts longer than a few hours, an individual will enter the ______ phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

resistance

When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the

second messenger appears in the cytoplasm

Liver cells respond to growth hormone by releasing hormones called

somatomedins

The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is

somatotropin

The hormone that is important for maintenance of the immune system is

thymosin

Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted from the

thyroid gland

If the median eminence of the hypothalamus is destroyed, the hypothalamus would no longer be able to control the secretion of which of the following hormones?

thyroid hormone

Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative, EXCEPT

thyroid-stimulating hormone

The hormone that plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of body temperature is

thyroxine