Anatomy Exam 2 (Ch 7 & 8)
How many vertebrae comprise the thoracic region of the spine? 12 7 5 1
12
How many bones make up the adult skull? 22 5 12 7
22
How many ribs make up the rib cage? 12 24 8 10
24
Identify the typical number of vertebrae that fuse during development to form the coccyx. 3 - 5 5 - 7 2 - 8 1 - 3
3 - 5
How many lumbar vertebrae are in the vertebral column? 7 12 5 4
5
How many lumbar vertebrae are there in a typical adult skeleton? 4 5 7 12
5
How many pairs of ribs are considered false ribs? 5 7 12 8
5
Name the number of vertebrae that fuse together to form the sacrum. 4 2 3 5
5
How many pairs of ribs articulate directly with the sternum? 5 12 7 8
7
How many pairs of ribs articulate directly with the sternum? 8 5 7 12
7
How many vertebrae make up the cervical region of the vertebral column? 3 5 7 9
7
Without lateral rotation of the humerus by the teres minor and infraspinatus muscles, the maximum angle of abduction by the deltoid would be __________. 75 degrees 30 degrees 180 degrees 90 degrees
90 degrees
Review the types you have studied, and select a true statement or characteristic of uniaxial movement in a representative joint. -The dancer's leg is lifted to a ballet bar. -A golfer swings at the ball on the tee. -A person bends over, and his or her vertebral processes move past one another. -A person curls his or her fingers, and the phalanges flex at the interphalangeal joints.
A person curls his or her fingers, and the phalanges flex at the interphalangeal joints.
Which of the following movements is an example of circumduction movement?
A pitcher winding up to throw the ball
Correctly match the term and definition: Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.
Abduction
As Mrs. Tanner recovers, she will do exercises to strengthen her muscles and regain her range of motion. To reduce the risk of dislocating the hip during these exercises, the nurse will make sure she does not do which of the following? Adduct her thigh until the knee moves past the midline. Plantar flex the foot. Flex the leg at the knee. Tighten her gluteal muscles.
Adduct her thigh until the knee moves past the midline.
Correctly match the term and definition: Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body in the frontal plane.
Adduction
The glenoid labrum can become torn from overuse or direct injury to the shoulder joint. Considering the function of the glenoid labrum, describe some of the consequences of a large tear in the glenoid labrum. -"Popping" or "catching" of the shoulder can result because a torn glenoid labrum is unable to hold the humerus tightly against the glenoid cavity. -Tears in the glenoid labrum can lead to shoulder dislocation because the glenoid cavity is very shallow without the glenoid labrum to stabilize the humerus. -Tears in the glenoid labrum could lead to decreased range of motion at the elbow because the biceps brachii tendon attaches to the glenoid labrum. -All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
In the classification of joints, which of the following is true? In cartilaginous joints, a joint cavity is present. All synovial joints are freely movable. Synarthrotic joints are slightly movable. Immovable joints are called amphiarthroses.
All synovial joints are freely movable.
Which of the following is the only bone that normally moves in relation to the others?
Answer: D
Which of the following pairings of letter to bone is INCORRECT?
Answer: A
Identify the bone(s) that form(s) the majority of the hard palate and a keystone bone of the face.
Answer: A.
Name the foramen at letter C.
Answer: Foramen magnum
Name the highlighted bone(s).
Answer: mandible, or mandibular bone
Which of the following bones are indicated by letters A, B, and D (in order)?
Answer: maxilla, temporal, and occipital
Which joint in the figure is capable of multiaxial movement? A B D E
Answer: A
Label the following appropriately: Transverse process Superior articular process Spinous process Vertebral foramen Body (centrum)
Answer: A. Body (centrum) B. Vertebral foramen C. Transverse process D. Superior articular process E. Spinous process
Which of the following is a hinge joint? A B E F
Answer: F
What action(s) may take place at the elbow from its current position? pronate only circumduct and pronate flex only extension only
Answer: Flex only
Which structure is highlighted?
Answer: Ischiofemoral ligament
Identify the highlighted structures.
Answer: Lumbar vertebrae
The thumb joint indicated by D allows which of the following special movements? opposition dorsiflexion inversion elevation
Answer: Opposition
Identify the highlighted structures.
Answer: Sacral vertebrae
The highlighted bone articulates with which other bone(s) of the skull?
Answer: temporal bone
Label the following appropriately: Coronal suture Zygomatic process Zygomatic bone Maxilla Mandible
Answer: A. Coronal suture B. Maxilla C. Mandible D. Zygomatic process E. Zygomatic bone
Label the following appropriately: True ribs False ribs Floating ribs Manubrium Body Costal cartilage
Answer: A. Floating ribs B. Body C. Costal cartilage D. False ribs E. True ribs F. Manubrium
Label the following appropriately: Parietal bone Sphenoid bone Temporal bone Ethmoid bone Frontal bone Nasal bone Maxilla Mandible
Answer: A. Frontal bone B. Ethmoid bone C. Sphenoid bone D. Mandible E. Maxilla F. Temporal bone G. Parietal bone H. Nasal bone
Label the following appropriately: Superior articular process Transverse process Lumbar vertebrae Spinous process Body Intervertebral disc
Answer: A. Intervertebral disc B. Lumbar vertebrae C. Superior articular process D. Spinous process E. Body F. Transverse process
Label the following appropriately: Parietal bone Sphenoid bone Temporal bone Ethmoid bone Frontal bone Nasal bone Occipital bone Lacrimal bone
Answer: A. Temporal bone B. Lacrimal bone C. Frontal bone D. Sphenoid bone E. Parietal bone F. Nasal bone G. Ethmoid bone H. Occipital bone
Sort the following appropriately: -Articulates with the hip bones of the pelvis. -Transverse foramina allow the passage of vertebral arteries. Includes the atlas and the axis. Contains a pivot joint that allows you to rotate your head "no". -Attaches to ribs. -Bears most of the weight. -No canals or foramen present.
Answer: A. Transverse foramina allow the passage of vertebral arteries. Includes the atlas and the axis. Contains a pivot joint that allows you to rotate your head "no". B. Bears most of the weight. C. No canals or foramen present. D. Attaches to ribs. E. Articulates with the hip bones of the pelvis.
Identify the type of movement of the upper limb at the shoulder as indicated by "B".
Answer: Adduction
Which structure is highlighted?
Answer: Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Identify the highlighted ligament.
Answer: Anterior cruciate ligament
Identify the highlighted structure.
Answer: Anular ligament
Name the vertebra pictured.
Answer: Axis
Which joint moves only by a uniaxial movement around its own axis? B D E F
Answer: B
The highlighted bone and the hip bone form what type of synovial joint?
Answer: Ball and socket
What is the structural classification of the highlighted joint? cartilaginous fibrous syndesmosis synovial
Answer: Cartilaginous
Which of these terms best categorizes the joints in the figure? synovial joints cartilaginous joints fibrous joints
Answer: Cartilaginous joints
Identify the highlighted structures.
Answer: Cervical spine
Which structures are highlighted?
Answer: Cervical vertebrae and curvature
Identify the highlighted bone.
Answer: Coccyx
Identify the highlighted structure.
Answer: Coracoacromial ligament
Identify the highlighted structure.
Answer: Coronal suture
Which of the following terms describes the range of movement of the illustrated joint? diarthrotic synovial synarthrotic amphiarthrotic
Answer: Diarthrotic
Identify the bone in the image.
Answer: Ethmoid bone
The highlighted vertebrae articulate with the ribs. T / F
Answer: False
Identify the highlighted structures.
Answer: False ribs
Which structure is highlighted?
Answer: Femur
What material is found in C and D that is not found in A and B? hyaline cartilage elastic cartilage dense irregular connective tissue fibrocartilage
Answer: Fibrocartilage
What type of tissue comprises the highlighted structure? dense irregular connective tissue hyaline cartilage fibrocartilage
Answer: Fibrocartilage
Identify the type of movement at the neck indicated by "C".
Answer: Flexion
Which structures are highlighted?
Answer: Floating Ribs
Identify the indicated structure.
Answer: Foramen magnum
Identify the bone.
Answer: Frontal bone
The proximal end of the highlighted bone participates in which joint?
Answer: Glenohumeral
Identify the type of synovial joint indicated by "E".
Answer: Hinge joint
Identify the type of movement at the neck indicated by "A".
Answer: Hyperextension
Which structure is highlighted?
Answer: Iliofemoral ligament
Which bones unite to form the highlighted bone?
Answer: Ilium, ischium, and pubis.
Identify the highlighted structures.
Answer: Intervertebral disc
Which of the following is true regarding the structure indicated by the black arrow in Figure A? -It is formed by a synovial membrane. -It becomes ossified late in adult development. -It is classified as amphiarthrotic. -It is composed of hyaline cartilage.
Answer: It becomes ossified late in adult development.
Identify the highlighted structure.
Answer: Lateral collateral ligament
Which structure is highlighted?
Answer: Lateral collateral ligament
Identify the highlighted structure.
Answer: Lateral meniscus
Which of the following best describes the surface of the structure at D? loose connective tissue dense irregular connective tissue simple columnar epithelium hyaline cartilage
Answer: Loose connective tissue
Which structure is highlighted?
Answer: Lumbar curvature and vertebra
Identify the highlighted bone.
Answer: Mandible
Identify the highlighted structure.
Answer: Manubrium
Which structure is highlighted? pterygoid process styloid process zygomatic process mastoid process
Answer: Mastoid process
Identify the highlighted structure.
Answer: Medial collateral ligament
Identify the highlighted structure.
Answer: Medial meniscus
Identify the highlighted bones.
Answer: Parietal bone
Identify the highlighted structure.
Answer: Patellar ligament
Which structure is highlighted? tibial collateral ligament tendon of quadriceps femoris patellar ligament
Answer: Patellar ligament
Identify the type of synovial joint indicated by "F".
Answer: Pivot Joint
The highlighted bone froms the base of which cranial fossa?
Answer: Posterior
Which ligament is highlighted?
Answer: Posterior cruciate
Identify the highlighted structure.
Answer: Posterior cruciate ligament
Which structure is highlighted? anular ligament humerus radial collateral ligament
Answer: Radial collateral ligament
Identify the type of synovial joint indicted by "B".
Answer: Saddle Joint
Which bone is highlighted?
Answer: Scapula
What type of bone is highlighted?
Answer: Sesamoid
Identify the bone in the image.
Answer: Sphenoid bone
Which structures are highlighted? transverse processes pedicles laminae spinous processes
Answer: Spinous processes
Identify the highlighted structure.
Answer: Sternum
Identify the highlighted structure.
Answer: Styloid process
Which of the following best describes the joint labeled B in the figure? synarthrotic amphiarthrotic fibrous diarthrotic
Answer: Synarthrotic
Identify the bone in the image.
Answer: Temporal
Which structure is highlighted? patellar ligament posterior cruciate ligament tendon of quadriceps femoris
Answer: Tendon of quadriceps femoris
Identify the highlighted structures.
Answer: Thoracic vertebrae
Which structures are highlighted?
Answer: Thoracic vertebrae
What is a feature unique to the highlighted vertebrae?
Answer: Transverse foramina
Which structures are highlighted?
Answer: True Ribs
Identify the highlighted structure.
Answer: Xiphoid process
All three joints in the figure are classified as ____. synovial joints fibrous joints cartilaginous joints
Answer: fibrous joints
To what region of the vertebral column does this vertebra belong? thoracic sacral cervical lumbar
Answer: thoracic
What part of this vertebra is indicated by the letter B? body transverse process pedicle spinous process
Answer: transverse process
Sort the descriptive phrases , which describe either nonaxial movement or some other type of movement, into the appropriate bins. Sort the following into nonaxial movement or types of movement: -Vertebral processes gliding past one another -Flat bones sliding past one another -Movement between adjacent carpal bones -Flexion at the elbow -Rotation of a bone on one axis
Answer: See Image
Correctly match the description to the structure of synovial joints: Composed of the fibrous and synovial layers.
Articular capsule
Allows the head to nod "yes."
Atlas
The bone that articulates with the occipital condyles.
Atlas
What is the name of the first cervical vertebra? Axis Occipital condyles Atlas Superior articular process
Atlas
Which vertebra does NOT have a body? last lumbar last cervical atlas axis
Atlas
Which vertebra lacks both a body and spinous process? Axis Atlas
Atlas
Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head "no". Occipital bone - axis Atlas - axis Axis - C3 Occipital bone - atlas
Atlas - axis
Identify the region of the sacrum that articulates with the hip bone. Sacral canal Median sacral crest Auricular surface Sacral promontory
Auricular surface
What is the name of the second cervical vertebra? Vertebra prominens Atlas Dens Axis
Axis
Identify a unique characteristic of a typical cervical vertebra. Dens Vertebral foramen Enlarged body Bifid spinous process
Bifid spinous process
Identify the central portion of the sternum. Body Soma Manubrium Xiphoid Process
Body
Which part of a vertebra is known as the centrum? Lamina Transverse process Vertebral foramen Body
Body
A bimalleolar fracture is a common sports injury that affects the lateral malleolus and the medial malleolus. Which of the following does this fracture impact?
Both the tibia and fibula
Another name for the axis is: C1 C2 C3 C5 C7
C2
Correctly match the bone of the upper limb with its description: Forms the wrist joint with the radius and ulna.
Carpals
Correctly match the following term: The wrist bones.
Carpals
Which region of the vertebral column contains the smallest vertebrae? Sacrum Lumbar region Cervical region Thoracic region
Cervical region
These bones are the smallest and lightest vertebrae.
Cervical vertebrae
Identify the tailbone. Sacrum Spinous process Coccyx Xiphoid process
Coccyx
The fused rudimentary tailbone.
Coccyx
Correctly match the following joint: Metacarpophalangeal joint.
Condylar joint
Connects parietal and frontal bones.
Coronal suture.
Identify the articulation site for the head of a rib. Transverse costal facet Pedicle Lamina Demi-facet
Demi-facet
Which of the following characteristics do not belong to the lumbar region? Elongated spinous process Blunt spinous process Bulky centrum Large size overall
Elongated spinous process
A patient is brought to the trauma center with head and facial injuries sustained in a motor vehicle accident. You note a constant flow of clear fluid from her nose. Which bone may be fractured? Parietal bone Ethmoid Nasal Zygomatic bone
Ethmoid
Which of the following bones is not a facial bone? Maxillary Zygomatic Inferior nasal concha Ethmoid
Ethmoid
All joints permit some degree of movement, even if very slight. T / F
False
Each of the 12 ribs articulates with one vertebra. Is this statement true or false? T / F
False
The lumbar vertebrae are part of the appendicular skeleton. F / T
False
The lumbar vertebrae are roughly the same size as vertebrae from the rest of the vertebral column. T / F
False
Correctly match the following bone marking to its bone: Greater trochanter.
Femur
Correctly match the following term: Articulates with both the acetabulum and the tibia.
Femur
Each of the following bones is part of the pelvic girdle, except the __________.
Femur
The gluteal tuberosity is a bone marking found on the __________.
Femur
Which of the following have bone markings called trochanters?
Femur only
Correctly match the following: Meniscus.
Fibrocartilage disc
Correctly match the bone of the lower limb with its description: Bone that has the lateral malleolus
Fibula
Correctly match the following: Touching your chin to your chest.
Flexion
Decreasing the angle between bones in the sagittal plane is called __________.
Flexion
In uniaxial movement at the elbow joint, the movement allowed is ___ and ___.
Flexion & Extension
Which of the following bones is unpaired? Zygomatic Temporal Parietal Frontal
Frontal
Identify the part of a rib that articulates in the demi-facets of the thoracic vertebra. Neck Tubercle Tuberosity Head
Head
Correctly match the bone of the lower limb with its description: Articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis.
Head of Femur
Correctly match the following: Calcaneus
Heel bone
Correctly match the following joint: Interphalangeal joint.
Hinge Joint
Correctly match the following term: Coxal bone.
Hip
Correctly match the bone of the upper limb with its description: Articulates with the scapula.
Humerus
Name the type of connective tissue that anchors the ribs onto the sternum. Dense regular connective tissue Fibrocartilage Hyaline cartilage Elastic cartilage
Hyaline cartilage
Correctly match the term and definition: Movement that increases the angle between two bones along the sagittal plane beyond the anatomical position.
Hyperextension
Correctly match the following term: Pelvic girdle bone of the appendicular skeleton that articulates with the axial skeleton.
Ilium
Individual vertebrae articulate with each other forming the vertebral column. Identify the part of a vertebra that articulates immediately with the vertebra below it. Superior articular processes Transverse processes Spinous process Inferior articular processes
Inferior articular processes
Which of the following structures would not be found within a vertebral foramen? Dura mater Spinal cord Intervertebral discs Spinal nerve roots
Intervertebral discs
As part of Mrs. Tanner's rehabilitation, clinicians will assess all of the movements that normally occur at the hip. This would include all EXCEPT: Inversion of the thigh. Abduction of the thigh. Flexion of the thigh. Circumduction of the thigh.
Inversion of the thigh.
The prefix ____ means ischium or hip joint.
Ischi-
Why is the rib at B considered a true rib? -It possesses a costal groove. -It encloses the thoracic cavity and protects the vital organs within. -It is capable of movement during the action of breathing. -It passes from the vertebral column to the sternum via it's own costal cartilage.
It passes from the vertebral column to the sternum via it's own costal cartilage.
Correctly match the following: Patella.
Kneecap
Identify the small facial bones found in the medial wall of the orbit. Lacrimal Zygomatic Inferior nasal concha Palatine
Lacrimal
Which bone is NOT considered to be part of the cranium? Occipital bone Lacrimal bone Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone
Lacrimal bone
Connects occipital and parietal bones.
Lambdoid suture.
Which of these regions of the vertebral column would be most accessible from a posterior surgical approach? Pedicle Vertebral foramen Body Lamina
Lamina
Correctly match the bone and location: Radius.
Lateral forearm
Correctly match the following bones to their location: Tibia and fibula.
Leg
Correctly match the bone of the lower limb with its description: Elongated-ridge on posterior of femur.
Linea aspera
Which of the following is not considered a primary factor influencing the stability of synovial joints?
Location of the joint
Which inflammatory joint disease is caused by the bites of ticks that live on mice and deer? gouty arthritis Lyme disease rheumatoid arthritis bursitis
Lyme disease
Identify the shield shaped top of the sternum. Body Xiphoid Process Manubrium Gladiolus
Manubrium
Which facial bones fuse to form the upper jaw? Zygomatic Lacrimal Maxillary Nasal
Maxillary
Correctly match the bone and location: Ulna.
Medial forearm
Which landmark is composed of fused spinous processes? Coccyx Posterior sacral foramina Median sacral crest Sacral promontory
Median sacral crest
The menisci in the knee joint can be torn for a variety of reasons. Considering the structure of the menisci, would you expect these tears to heal on their own? Why or why not? -Menisci tears do not heal on their own because the menisci are composed of fibrocartilage and do not have an extensive blood supply. -Menisci tears can heal quickly because of the nutrients surrounding them in the synovial fluid. -Menisci tears do not heal on their own because the menisci are composed of hyaline cartilage and do not have an extensive blood supply. -The medial meniscus is attached to the tibial collateral ligament, so fibroblasts in the ligament can divide and differentiate into chondrocytes to repair the meniscus.
Menisci tears do not heal on their own because the menisci are composed of fibrocartilage and do not have an extensive blood supply.
Correctly match the bone of the upper limb with its description: Bones of the palm of your hand
Metacarpals
Correctly match the following term: Bones that form most of the sole of the feet.
Metatarsals
Which of the following represents a correct statement about multiaxial joints? -Movement in more than two axes is permitted in a multiaxial joint. -The rounded end of the proximal metacarpal fitting into the distal surface of the carpal bone of the wrist is a classic ball-and-socket joint. -The ball-and-socket joint permits only one angular motion. -The articulating surfaces in the multiaxial joint are a cylindrical bone and a trough-shaped bone.
Movement in more than two axes is permitted in a multiaxial joint.
Which facial bones makeup the central portion of the bridge of the nose? Lacrimal Zygomatic Maxillary Nasal
Nasal
Which of the following bones do not contain a sinus? Nasal Sphenoid Frontal Maxillary
Nasal
Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes". Occipital bone - axis Occipital bone - atlas Atlas - axis Occipital bone - C2
Occipital bone - atlas
Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas. Superior articular facets Mastoid processes Foramen magnum Occipital condyles
Occipital condyles
Connects occipital and temporal bones.
Occipitomastoid suture.
Which of the following is the bony part that rests on the table when you lean on your elbows?
Olecranon
Which facial bones form the roof of the mouth? (Select any / all that apply) Palatine bones Mandible Ethmoid bone Maxillary bones Zygomatic bone
Palatine bones Maxillary bones
Match the name of the bone to its location: Clavicle.
Pectoral girdle
Which of the following is part of the appendicular division of the skeletal system?
Pectoral girdle
Match the name of the bone to its location: Ilium.
Pelvic girdle
Correctly match the following term: Bones that form the fingers and toes.
Phalanges
Correctly match the following joint: Radioulnar joint.
Pivot Joint
When a ballerina or gymnast points their toes, this motion is __________.
Plantar Flexion
Examples of uniaxial movement permitted at the surfaces of bones can be found at these two articulations, ___ and ___.
Proximal ulna to radius & Distal humerus to proximal ulna.
Correctly match the following term: Articulates with the capitulum of the humerus.
Radius
Correctly match the following: Shaking your head "no."
Rotation
The atlas to axis joint would exhibit ___.
Rotation
Which region of the vertebral column is immediately inferior to the lumbar region? Thoracic Cervical Sacral Coccygeal
Sacral
Identify the bony posterior wall of the pelvis. Lumbar vertebrae Pubic symphysis Coccyx Sacrum
Sacrum
This bone shapes the posterior wall of the pelvis.
Sacrum
Correctly match the following joint: Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.
Saddle Joint
Identify the suture found between the 2 parietal bones. Sagittal suture Coronal suture Lamdoidal suture Squamosal suture
Sagittal suture
Connects right and left parietal bones.
Sagittal suture.
Correctly match the following term: Glenoid cavity.
Scapula
Correctly match the following term: Markings include glenoid cavity and acromion.
Scapula
Correctly match the following term: Scapula.
Shoulder blade
Which cranial bone spans the width of the cranial floor? Temporal Occipital Sphenoid Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Name the vertebral projection oriented in a median plane. Transverse process Inferior articular process Superior articular process Spinous process
Spinous process
Connects temporal and parietal bones.
Squamosal suture.
Which region of the vertebral column is located superior to the thoracic region and which region is inferior to the thoracic region, respectively? Superiorly: lumbar and inferiorly: coccyx Superiorly: lumbar and inferiorly: cervical Superiorly: cervical and inferiorly: sacrum Superiorly: cervical and inferiorly: lumbar
Superiorly: cervical and inferiorly: lumbar
__________ refers to rotation of the forearm laterally so that the palm faces anteriorly or superiorly.
Supination
Match the following: Adjoining bones are covered with articular cartilage; a joint cavity is present.
Synovial Joint
Which of the following thoracic vertebrae is the largest? T1 T12 T7 T5
T12
Correctly match the following term: Cuboid.
Tarsal bone
Which of the following is a true statement? -The head of the humerus articulates with the acromion process. -The rotator cuff is responsible for the flexible extensions at the elbow joint. -The annular ligament surrounds the head of the radius. -The greater tubercle of the humerus articulates at the coracoid process of the scapula.
The annular ligament surrounds the head of the radius.
Which statement about the knee is incorrect? -The deep cups created by the tibial articular surfaces help to stabilize the joint. -The knee is vulnerable to lateral forces that can cause injury. -Several bursae aid in the movement of the knee. -Several ligaments cross the knee to stabilize the knee in several directions.
The deep cups created by the tibial articular surfaces help to stabilize the joint.
An individual with a "double-jointed" thumb can pull it back towards the wrist much farther than normal. What does it mean to be "double-jointed?" -Greater than normal production of serous fluid lubricates the joint and extends it. -Articular cartilage at bone ends is replaced with hyaline cartilage. -The additional joint present doubles the range of motion. -The joint capsules and ligaments are more stretchy and loose than normal.
The joint capsules and ligaments are more stretchy and loose than normal.
Which of the following statements best describes angular movements? They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones. They allow movement only in one plane. They occur only between bones with flat articular processes. They turn a bone along its own long axis.
They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones.
Which region of the vertebral column is immediately superior to the lumbar region? Sacral Thoracic Coccygeal Cervical
Thoracic
Correctly match the synovial joint to its range of motion: Multiaxial.
Three planes
Correctly match the bone of the lower limb with its description: Bone with the bony crest that forms the shin
Tibia
Correctly match the following term: Medial and lateral condyles
Tibia
At its distal end, the femur articulates with the __________.
Tibia only
Identify the articulation site for a tubercle of a rib. Demi-facet Superior articular facet Transverse costal facet Inferior articular facet
Transverse costal facet
Identify a lateral projection of a vertebra. Superior articular process Lamina Spinous process Transverse process
Transverse process
Foramina located in the _____ is a characteristic of cervical vertebrae. Lamina Transverse processes Pedicle Bifid spinous processes Body
Transverse processes
All of the bones of the skull, except the mandible, are united by sutures and are therefore immovable. T / F
True
Movement of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin is called dorsiflexion. T / F
True
Supination is the movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand is turned anteriorly or superiorly. T / F
True
The amount of movement permitted by a particular joint is the basis for the functional classification of that joint. T / F
True
The gripping of the trochlea by the trochlear notch constitutes the "hinge" for the elbow joint. T / F
True
The lumbar vertebrae are found in the lower back. T / F
True
The shape of the spinous process can be used to help determine if a vertebra is from the lumbar region. T / F
True
The structural classification of joints is based on the composition of the binding material and the presence or absence of a joint cavity. T / F
True
There are seven cervical, twelve thoracic, and five lumbar vertebrae. T / F
True
Identify the region of a rib that articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra. Neck Head Tubercle Shaft
Tubercle
Correctly match the following: Pronation.
Turning the palm down
Correctly match the following: Supination.
Turning the palm up
Correctly match the following: Eversion.
Turning the sole of the foot laterally
Correctly match the following: Inversion.
Turning the sole of the foot medially
Correctly match the following term: Coronoid process.
Ulna
Correctly match the following term: Olecranon
Ulna
What bone forms part of the nasal septum? Maxillary Inferior nasal concha Nasal bone Vomer
Vomer
Which suture is highlighted? squamous occipitomastoid parietomastoid lambdoid
Which suture is highlighted? lambdoid
What part of the sternum is palpated prior to giving CPR? Body Sternal angle Xiphoid Process Manubrium
Xiphoid Process
What is the anatomical name for the facial bones known as "cheekbones"? Lacrimal bones Nasal bones Zygomatic bones Maxillary bones
Zygomatic bones
Movement of the shoulder laterally away from the body is called __________. extension adduction abduction flexion
abduction
Movement of the upper limb away from the trunk is called ________. extension abduction adduction lateral flexion
abduction
What is moving a limb away from the midline of the body along the frontal plane called? adduction abduction extension flexion
abduction
Performing "jumping jacks" requires ________. flexion and extension pronation and supination abduction and adduction inversion and eversion
abduction and adduction
The prefix ____ means end or tip.
acro-
The articulation formed by the tip of the scapula and the clavicle is called the ____.
acromioclavicular joint
A reduction in the lateral angle of the glenohumeral joint in relation to the anatomical position would be called __________. extension abduction adduction flexion
adduction
The prefix ___ means on both sides, of both kinds.
amphi-
A joints that is only slightly moveable is classified as a(n) ___ joint.
amphiarthroses
Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________. synovial joints diarthroses amphiarthroses synarthroses
amphiarthroses
Which of the following refers to a joint that is slightly movable? synovial amphiarthrosis synarthrosis diarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
You are asked to demonstrate plantar flexion. To do this, you must move your ________. knee ankle elbow wrist
ankle
Which joints are correctly matched? elbow; pivot wrist; saddle ankle; hinge interphalangeal; plane
ankle; hinge
Which of the following ligaments prevents the tibia from sliding forward in the knee joint? arcuate popliteal ligament anterior cruciate ligament oblique popliteal ligament tibial collateral ligament
anterior cruciate ligament
Synarthrotic joints ________. have large joint cavities characterize all cartilaginous joints are immovable joints are found only in adults
are immovable joints
The prefix ___ means joint.
arthr-
Inflammation of a joint broadly describes all types of ___.
arthritis
Which of the following conditions is joint inflammation or degeneration accompanied by stiffness, pain, and swelling? arthritis rheumatoid arthritis Lyme disease osteoarthritis
arthritis
The prefix ___ means axis.
axi-
Which of the following bones are part of the axial skeleton? bones of the face bones of the the pelvic girdle bones of the pectoral girdles bones of the lower limbs
bones of the face
A joint held together by fibrocartilage would be classified as a __________ joint. amphiarthrosis fibrous synovial cartilaginous
cartilaginous
Which of the following is NOT a functional classification for joints? cartilaginous synarthrosis diarthrosis amphiarthrosis
cartilaginous
The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called ________. tibial collateral ligaments cruciate ligaments patellar ligaments anterior ligaments
cruciate ligaments
The main reason the hip joint is stable is because of the __________. rotator cuff muscles muscle tendons that cross the joint bulky hip and thigh muscles surrounding the joint deep socket of the joint and strong capsular ligaments
deep socket of the joint and strong capsular ligaments
The __________ is a prime mover of the glenohumeral joint during flexion. deltoid biceps brachii teres major coracobrachialis
deltoid
The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to the ________. arms hands and the feet hands feet
feet
Based upon structural classification, what type of joint is a suture? synarthrotic joint fibrous joint amphiarthrotic joint cartilaginous joint
fibrous joint
Bending forward at the hip is an example of ________. pronation extension supination flexion
flexion
Bowing to your opponent before a jiu jitsu match would be considered a ________ movement. flexion extension circumduction hyperextension
flexion
Which movement decreases the angle between articulating bones? supination extension adduction flexion
flexion
Movement of the elbow joint movement is limited to __________. flexion and extension supination and flexion pronation and supination extension and pronation
flexion and extension
What is the most specific term you could apply to the rib at D? -floating rib -true rib -false rib
floating rib
If a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is not properly repaired, the consequences could include the inability to prevent ________. medial rotation of an extended knee lateral rotation of an extended knee forward sliding of the tibia on the femur forward sliding of the femur
forward sliding of the tibia on the femur
Abduction requires the action of two muscles, and adduction requires the action of __________. three muscles four muscles two muscles one muscle
four muscles
Which type of movement does not occur at the shoulder joint? extension abduction gliding rotation
gliding
Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint? suture symphysis synchondrosis hinge joint
hinge joint
Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of ________. circumduction flexion extension hyperextension
hyperextension
The prefix ____ means between or among.
inter-
Each ____ is made of fibrocartilage and serves as a shock absorber for the spine.
intervertebral disc
A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole inward is called __________.
inversion
The female true pelvis __________.
is inferior to the pelvic brim
The female pelvis __________.
is tilted anteriorly (forward) compared to a male pelvis
The bone marking that makes up the portion of the pelvis you sit on is the ____.
ischial tuberosity
Why would the male pelvis exhibit more prominent (pronounced) bone markings than the female pelvis? more dietary calcium larger leg muscles longer gait (stride) taller physical stature
larger leg muscles
Sprains indicate damage to what joint component? bones tendons muscles ligaments
ligaments
The role of synovial fluid is to __________.
lubricate joints
The prefix ____ means after, along, or behind.
meta-
When moving proximally from the toes, the set of bones after the phalanges are the ____.
metatarsals
Muscles are strung across joints and can therefore move them. The insertion of a muscle ________. moves away from the origin during contraction is usually proximal to the origin on limb muscles moves toward the origin during contraction is the stable or less movable attachment
moves toward the origin during contraction
The hip joint is a good example of a(n) ________ synovial joint. uniaxial multiaxial nonaxial biaxial
multiaxial
As one of four major knee ligaments, the anterior cruciate ligament, or ACL, is critical to knee stability. Patients with a slightly injured ACL may complain that their knee "wants to give-out from under them." Which of the following is a rehabilitation procedure that would most likely benefit this type of patient? muscle strengthening exercises extensive bed rest arthroscopic surgery knee replacement
muscle strengthening exercises
Which of the following are correctly matched? gout; inflammation of the tendons bursitis; uric acid crystals in the joint tendonitis; inflammation of the joint osteoarthritis; chronic degenerative joint disease
osteoarthritis; chronic degenerative joint disease
Pointing the toes is an example of ________. circumduction pronation plantar flexion protraction
plantar flexion
The cruciate ligaments of the knee ________. attach to each other in their midportions are also called collateral ligaments tend to run parallel to one another prevent hyperextension of the knee
prevent hyperextension of the knee
The prefix ___ means before, in front of, or projecting.
pro-
Which type of movement is unique to the forearm? pronation extension adduction opposition
pronation
Movement of the forearm includes __________. pronation and supination flexion and extension extension and pronation supination and flexion
pronation and supination
When a child juts her chin forward stubbornly, she is demonstrating the action of ___ of the jaw.
protraction
What is the major function of the axial skeleton? provide central support for the body and protect internal organs provide an attachment point for muscles that allow movement give the body resilience provide a space for the major digestive organs
provide central support for the body and protect internal organs
During pregnancy and delivery, a hormone called relaxin is secreted to "relax" (soften) the pelvic ligaments and cervix. What pelvic girdle region would be a good target for this hormone to help open up the anterior pelvis during the birthing process? sacrum ilium pubis ischium
pubis
Which of the following movements does NOT increase or decrease the angle between bones? abduction extension circumduction rotation
rotation
Which factor is likely to most likely to protect against shoulder dislocation? rotator cuff muscles glenohumeral ligaments glenoid labrum biceps brachii
rotator cuff muscles
Flexion and extension are usually movements in the ________ plane(s) of the body. frontal, sagittal, and transverse sagittal transverse frontal
sagittal
Why it is easier for a fall or blow to cause a dislocated shoulder injury than for a comparable fall or blow to cause a dislocated hip injury? shallower joint socket lower center of gravity less articular cartilage relative joint location
shallower joint socket
Which joint has most notably sacrificed stability to provide great freedom of movement? shoulder knee ankle elbow
shoulder
The prefix ____ means above, higher than, or dorsal.
supra-
The hole above the eye orbit is the ____.
supraorbital foramen
Fibrous joints are classified as ________. symphysis, sacroiliac, and articular hinge, saddle, and ellipsoidal sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses pivot, hinge, and ball and socket
sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
The prefix ___ means with, together, or like.
syn-
An immovable joint held together with hyaline cartilage is categorized as a(n) ___ joint.
synchondrosis
Which of the following represents a structural classification for joints that are separated by a joint cavity? synovial cartilaginous diarthrosis fibrous
synovial
What factor does not contribute to the strength and stability of a synovial joint? muscle tone the arrangement of ligaments synovial fluid the shape of the articular surfaces
synovial fluid
When standing normally, most of your weight is transmitted to the ground by the __________.
talus and calcaneus
Which of the following muscles assists during extension of the glenohumeral joint, but is not as a prime mover? biceps brachii deltoid teres major latissimus dorsi
teres major
Which of the following bones does NOT fit with the other listed bones? the sphenoid the frontal bone the occipital bone the maxilla
the maxilla
Which bone or pair of bones forms the most superior portion of the cranium? the parietal bones the occipital bone the temporal bones the frontal bone
the parietal bones
Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped? the medial patellar retinacula the lateral patellar retinacula the extracapsular ligament the patellar ligament
the patellar ligament
The sphenoid bone is sometimes referred to as a "key stone" of the skull. This is due to the fact that ________. -the sphenoid is wedged in the superior most portion of the skull and supports all of the other bones below (excluding the mandible) -the intricate shape of the sphenoid makes it critical to the distinct characteristics of the individual human face -the sphenoid is in the center of the skull and it articulates (joins) with all of the other bones of the skull (excluding the mandible) -the sphenoid bone is solid like a stone and provides the strength necessary to support the skull
the sphenoid is in the center of the skull and it articulates (joins) with all of the other bones of the skull (excluding the mandible)
During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), it is important to place the compression hands over the sternal body but not over the xiphoid process so that _________. -only the sternal body is compressed while the other two regions of the sternum are not moved at all during the procedure -there is little risk of physically damaging the heart -the xiphoid process can continue protecting the underlying stomach -the xiphoid process is permitted to help the lungs inflate with air
there is little risk of physically damaging the heart
Football players often sustain lateral blows to the extended knee. Which of the following is (are) damaged as a result? -oblique popliteal and extracapsular ligaments -suprapatellar ligament -tibial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament -arcuate popliteal and the posterior cruciate ligaments
tibial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament
What are the major functions of the intervertebral discs? -to prevent hyperextension and allow rotation of the spine -to remove curvatures of the spine and provide springiness to the spinal column -to absorb shock and provide flexibility to the spine -to hold together the vertebra and support the body
to absorb shock and provide flexibility to the spine
The olecranon would be found on the __________.
ulna
Baseball pitchers often require "Tommy John" surgery to repair damage to their elbow. Which ligament would this surgery target? anular ligament ulnar collateral ligament acetabular labrum lateral ligament
ulnar collateral ligament
The elbow is an example of a ___ joint, which functions in one plane.
uniaxial
What are menisci (articular discs)? -small sacs containing synovial fluid -tendon sheaths -cavities lined with cartilage -wedges of fibrocartilage that partially or completely divide the synovial cavity
wedges of fibrocartilage that partially or completely divide the synovial cavity
