Anatomy II - Chapter 22-3

Name the small, paired structures, in males, located lateral to the membranous urethra within the urogenital diaphragm. 1) Prostate glands 2) Bulbourethral glands 3) Seminal vesicles 4) Rete testis

Bulbourethral glands

The lower one-third, or neck, of the uterus is called the ______.

Cervix

The ______ is a projection at the anterior end of the vulva. It contains two columns of erectile tissue called corpora cavernosa, and is richly supplied with sensory fibers. 1) Prepuce 2) Vagina 3) Cervix 4) Clitoris

Clitoris

Indicate which glands secrete hormones that control male reproductive functions. 1) Anterior pituitary gland 2) Testes 3) Adrenal gland 4) Hypothalamus 5) Thyroid gland

Anterior pituitary gland Testes Hypothalamus

Name the birth control method that consists of the removal of the penis from the vagina before ejaculation.

Coitus interruptus

The nipple is located near the tip of each breast at about the level of the ______ and it is surrounded by a circular area of pigmented skin called ______. 1) Midaxillary line; vestibule 2) Fourth intercostal space; areola 3) Second intercostal space; ampulla

Fourth intercostal space; areola

List in order the organs in the hierarchy of hormonal control involved in the female reproductive cycle.

Hypothalamus Pituitary Ovaries

What organs control maturation of female gametes, development of secondary sex characteristics, and changes in the monthly reproductive cycle? 1) Thymus; thyroid gland; adrenal gland 2) Hypothalamus; anterior pituitary gland; ovaries 3) Posterior pituitary gland; uterus; adrenal gland

Hypothalamus; anterior pituitary gland; ovaries

The culmination of sexual stimulation is called a(n) ______, a pleasurable feeling of physiological and psychological release that is accompanied by emission and ejaculation in males.

Orgasm

The organs called _______ produce and secrete oocytes and female sex hormones.

Ovaries

What are the primary sex organs in females called? 1) Ovaries 2) Uterus 3) Labia majora 4) Clitoris

Ovaries

Name the solid, ovoid organs of the female reproductive system, located in shallow depressions in the lateral wall of the pelvic cavity.

Ovary

What are the main female sex hormones? 1) Progesterone 2) Androgens 3) Estrogen 4) Testosterone

Progesterone Estrogen

List three products of the female reproductive system. 1) Follicle-stimulating hormone 2) Sperm 3) Progesterone 4) Oocytes 5) Estrogen

Progesterone Oocytes Estrogen

Undifferentiated diploid spermatogenic cells are called ______.

Spermatogonia

Where are androgens produced? 1) Adrenal medulla 2) Adrenal cortex 3) Testes 4) Anterior pituitary gland 5) Hypothalamus

Adrenal cortex Testes

The average length of a female reproductive cycle is ______ days. 1) 5 2) 14 3) 28 4) 52

28

The part of the sperm cell that helps in penetration of the layers around the oocyte during fertilization is the ______.

Acrosome

Indicate the birth control method that delivers estrogen-like and progesterone-like hormones to prevent pregnancy. 1) Intrauterine devices 2) Mechanical barrier contraceptives 3) Combined hormone contraceptives

Combined hormone contraceptives

List three effects of testosterone. 1) Development of male anatomy in the fetus and adolescent 2) Development of ovarian follicles 3) Decreased sex drive (libido) 4) Bodily changes at puberty 5) Spermatogenesis

Development of male anatomy in the fetus and adolescent Bodily changes at puberty Spermatogenesis

Semen is expelled from the urethra to the outside of the body in a process called ______.

Ejaculation

Indicate the correct order of the uterine wall layers from the innermost to the outermost.

Endometrium Myometrium Perimetrium

Organize the sequence of structures through which sperm will travel after leaving the seminiferous tubules.

Epididymis Ductus deferens Ejaculatory duct Urethra

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) induces the anterior pituitary to secrete the two gonadotropins: ______ and ______. 1) FSH 2) LH 3) Estrogens 4) Androgens 5) Testosterone

FSH LH

The anterior pituitary releases ______, that stimulates the maturation of follicles, and ______, that stimulates the release of sex hormones. 1) GnRH; FSH 2) FSH; LH 3) LH; FSH 4) FHS; GnRH 5) GnRH; LH

FSH; LH

Indicate the characteristics of semen. 1) It is an alkaline fluid containing nutrients 2) It contains secretions from the prostate gland 3) It is an acidic fluid containing nutrients 4) It is composed entirely of sperm

It is an alkaline fluid containing nutrients It contains secretions from the prostate gland

List three components of the vulva. 1) Cervix 2) Myometrium 3) Labia majora 4) Labia minora 5) Clitoris

Labia majora Labia minora Clitoris

Match the structure with the description.

Labia minora - thin, hairless folds of skin Labia majora - thick folds of hair-covered skin

After an oocyte has been ovulated, the remnants of the follicle form a structure called the corpus ___________.

Luteum

Male gametes (sperm) are reproduced by a type of cell division called ______.

Meiosis

The process of ______ results in formation of haploid cells with one set of genetic instructions carried on 23 chromosomes while the process of ______ results in formation of diploid cells with two sets on 46 chromosomes. 1) Meiosis; mitosis 2) Mitosis; meiosis

Meiosis; mitosis

Match the female reproductive organ with its function or description.

Ovary - produces female sex hormones Uterus - protects and sustains the embryo during pregnancy Labia majora - encloses and protects other external reproductive organs Vestibule - space that contains openings for the vagina and urethra

The process of ______ that occurs about day 14 of the ovarian cycle includes the rupturing of the mature follicle and the release of its oocyte and surrounding cells. 1) Ovulation 2) Meiosis 3) Selection

Ovulation

Classify the following organs as either primary or secondary sex organs.

Primary female reproductive organs - Ovaries Secondary female reproductive organs - Uterus Vagina External genitalia

Match the organs of the male reproductive system with their corresponding category.

Primary sex organs (gonads) - testes Accessory sex organs - internal and external reproductive organs

Place in the correct order the sequence of events and the products of the ovarian cycle.

Primordial follice Primary follicle Pre-antral follicle Mature antral follicle Ovulation Corpus luteum

What is ovulation? 1) Process of releasing cells from the follicles 2) Process of follicular maturation 3) Process of a sperm and oocyte merging 4) Process of development of an oocyte

Process of releasing cells from the follicles

Indicate the three male accessory glands. 1) Seminiferous tubule 2) Ductus deferens 3) Prostate 4) Bulbourethral gland 5) Seminal vesicle

Prostate Bulbourethral gland Seminal vesicle

Match the male reproductive structure with its function.

Prostate gland - secretes a fluid that enhances sperm motility Testis - secretes males sex hormones and produces sperm cells Ductus deferens - contracts to propel sperm towards ejaculatory duct Scrotum - Encloses, protects, regulates temperature of the testes

The male external reproductive organs are the penis and the sac-like structure called the ______.

Scrotum

The ouch of connective tissue, muscle, and skin that contains the testes is the ______.

Scrotum

Increased growth of body hair, lowering of the pitch of the voice, thickening and strengthening of the bones are examples of male ______ sex characteristics when ______ levels increase at ______. 1) Secondary; testosterone; puberty 2) Primary; testosterone; climacteric 3) Secondary; estrogens; puberty 4) Secondary; testosterone; climacteric

Secondary; testosterone; puberty

What is the most important androgen in males? 1) FSH 2) Testosterone 3) Estrogen 4) GnRH

Testosterone

Place in order the events of the female reproductive cycle that occur after ovulation.

The corpus luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone Estrogen and progesterone inhibit secretion of FSH and LH If no fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum degenerates Estrogen and progesterone levels decrease The endometrium disintegrates; menstruation occurs

What three statements are true about erection of the penis? 1) It is mediated by sympathetic nerve impulses 2) The reflex is mediated by the pons of the brainstem 3) The penis swells and elongates 4) Nitric oxide increases blood flow into erectile tissue 5) The increasing pressure of arterial blood in erectile tissue compresses the veins

The penis swells and elongates Nitric oxide increases blood flow into erectile tissue The increasing pressure of arterial blood in erectile tissue compresses the veins

What are accessory female sex organs? 1) The uterine tubes 2) The uterus 3) The ovaries 4) The vagina

The uterine tubes The uterus The vagina

List three female accessory sex organs. 1) The uterus 2) The uterine tubes 3) The penis 4) The ovaries 5) The vagina

The uterus The uterine tubes The vagina

Indicate the characteristics of the ductus deferentia (vas deferens). 1) They originate at the lower end of the epididymis 2) It is part of the spermatic cord 3) They dilate near their ends into the ampullae 4) It is the site of spermatogenesis 5) It is located within the prostate gland

They originate at the lower end of the epididymis It is part of the spermatic cord They dilate near their ends into the ampullae

Indicate which of the following are male secondary sex characteristics caused by testosterone. 1) Decreased muscular growth, narrowing of the shoulders and waist 2) Thickening and strengthening of the bones 3) Increased growth of body hair 4) Enlargement of the larynx and thickening of the vocal folds, with lowering of the pitch of the voice

Thickening and strengthening of the bones Increased growth of body hair Enlargement of the larynx and thickening of the vocal folds, with lowering of the pitch of the voice

The ______ is the muscular organ that opens into the vagina and functions to harbor the fetus during pregnancy.

Uterus

A single-celled, fertilized ovum is called a(n) ______.

Zygote