psych test 1
What are three features are central to Carl Roger's client centered therapy?
Congruence (genuineness), unconditional postive regard, and empathy.
which of the following exemplifies the empirical method
Dr. Sarkeesian observes and records how watching cartoons influences heart rates
A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principals of ________.
Gestalt psychology
who developed the psychosocial theory of development
Jean Piaget
which of the following psychologists was a behaviorist
John Watson
who called the stages of development psychosexual stages
Sigmund Freud
Compare and contract structuralism and functionalism. Who were the key researchers of each? What is the difference between the two? Are there any similarities between the two?
Structuralism is the attempt to understand the structure or characteristics of the mind. Functionalism is the study of how mental activities help an organism fir into its environment. Wilhelm Wundt was the key researcher of structuralism and William James was the key research of functionalism. Structuralism is a more subjective observation while functionalism is more objective. They are similar in that they both explore the way the human mind works.
who was the first person referred to a psychologist
Wilhelm Wundt
psychoanalytic theory focuses on ______ and early childhood experiences
a persons unconscious
_____ asses the consistency of observations by different observers
anter-rater reliability
________ research uses past records or data sets to investigate research questions or to look for patterns or relationships.
archival
which term refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known
assimilation
The possible range for a correlation coefficient is ________.
between -1 and +1
the two major dictions of the nervous system are the ____ and _____
central; peripheral nervous sytem
A(n) ____ is a variable that affects both variables of interest and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship
confounding variable
The ____ group does not get the experimental treatment
control
_____ means that there is. relationship between two or more variables
correlation
the continuous development approach view development as a ____
cumulative process
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ____
depression
Crawling, walking, writing, dressing, naming colors, speaking in sentences, and starting puberty are all examples of ________.
developmental milestones
specific normative events are also called
developmental milestones
Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages.
discontinuous
What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?
environment and culture
which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions
experimental
the belief that strange behavior is linked to the occurrence of a full moon is an example of a(n) _____
illusory correlation
The ____ is controlled by the experimenter
independent variable
people in early adulthood (20s though early 40s) are ready to establish emotional closeness and maintain relationships with each other. What is the primary developmental risk in this stage?
intimacy vs. isolation
Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ________.
introspection
why do scientists refer to Charles Darwin's ideas about evolution as the theory of evolution
it is the best understanding that we have of that part of the natural world
a group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time n order to asses behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) _____ design
longitudinal
psychotropic medications are drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring ____ balance
neurotransmitter
the empirical method of study is based on____
observation
____ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills and health and wellness
physical
trephination is the ____
procedure where a large hole is created in the forehead so that evil spirits can escape
What is Abraham Maslow best known for?
proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior
____ development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships
psychosocial
_____ Asserts that out genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall
range of reaction
Agonists bind to ________ and antagonists bind to ________.
receptors; receptors
_____ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information
schemata
psychology refers to the ____
scientific study of the mind
During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through senses and actions.
sensorimotor
research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke. this research alone demonstrates that _____
smoking cigarettes contributes to lung cancer
the ____ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration
sympathetic
the space between two neurons is called the ____
synapse
which of the following describes hypothesis
tentative explanation
the ____ of neuron contains _____ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system
terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles
functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and _____
the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts
A(n) ____ is a well developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena
theory
What is the purpose of creating an operational definition?
to provide a clear concise definition
between birth and on year, infants are dependent in their caregivers; therefor, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant's needs help their baby to develop a sense of the work as a safe, predictable place. What is the primary development task of this stage?
trust vs. mistrust
what does the normative approach ask regarding the lifespan
what is normal development
