psych test 1

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What are three features are central to Carl Roger's client centered therapy?

Congruence (genuineness), unconditional postive regard, and empathy.

which of the following exemplifies the empirical method

Dr. Sarkeesian observes and records how watching cartoons influences heart rates

A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principals of ________.

Gestalt psychology

who developed the psychosocial theory of development

Jean Piaget

which of the following psychologists was a behaviorist

John Watson

who called the stages of development psychosexual stages

Sigmund Freud

Compare and contract structuralism and functionalism. Who were the key researchers of each? What is the difference between the two? Are there any similarities between the two?

Structuralism is the attempt to understand the structure or characteristics of the mind. Functionalism is the study of how mental activities help an organism fir into its environment. Wilhelm Wundt was the key researcher of structuralism and William James was the key research of functionalism. Structuralism is a more subjective observation while functionalism is more objective. They are similar in that they both explore the way the human mind works.

who was the first person referred to a psychologist

Wilhelm Wundt

psychoanalytic theory focuses on ______ and early childhood experiences

a persons unconscious

_____ asses the consistency of observations by different observers

anter-rater reliability

________ research uses past records or data sets to investigate research questions or to look for patterns or relationships.

archival

which term refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known

assimilation

The possible range for a correlation coefficient is ________.

between -1 and +1

the two major dictions of the nervous system are the ____ and _____

central; peripheral nervous sytem

A(n) ____ is a variable that affects both variables of interest and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship

confounding variable

The ____ group does not get the experimental treatment

control

_____ means that there is. relationship between two or more variables

correlation

the continuous development approach view development as a ____

cumulative process

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ____

depression

Crawling, walking, writing, dressing, naming colors, speaking in sentences, and starting puberty are all examples of ________.

developmental milestones

specific normative events are also called

developmental milestones

Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages.

discontinuous

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

environment and culture

which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions

experimental

the belief that strange behavior is linked to the occurrence of a full moon is an example of a(n) _____

illusory correlation

The ____ is controlled by the experimenter

independent variable

people in early adulthood (20s though early 40s) are ready to establish emotional closeness and maintain relationships with each other. What is the primary developmental risk in this stage?

intimacy vs. isolation

Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ________.

introspection

why do scientists refer to Charles Darwin's ideas about evolution as the theory of evolution

it is the best understanding that we have of that part of the natural world

a group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time n order to asses behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) _____ design

longitudinal

psychotropic medications are drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring ____ balance

neurotransmitter

the empirical method of study is based on____

observation

____ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills and health and wellness

physical

trephination is the ____

procedure where a large hole is created in the forehead so that evil spirits can escape

What is Abraham Maslow best known for?

proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

____ development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships

psychosocial

_____ Asserts that out genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall

range of reaction

Agonists bind to ________ and antagonists bind to ________.

receptors; receptors

_____ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information

schemata

psychology refers to the ____

scientific study of the mind

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through senses and actions.

sensorimotor

research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke. this research alone demonstrates that _____

smoking cigarettes contributes to lung cancer

the ____ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration

sympathetic

the space between two neurons is called the ____

synapse

which of the following describes hypothesis

tentative explanation

the ____ of neuron contains _____ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system

terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles

functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and _____

the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts

A(n) ____ is a well developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena

theory

What is the purpose of creating an operational definition?

to provide a clear concise definition

between birth and on year, infants are dependent in their caregivers; therefor, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant's needs help their baby to develop a sense of the work as a safe, predictable place. What is the primary development task of this stage?

trust vs. mistrust

what does the normative approach ask regarding the lifespan

what is normal development


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