Anatomy lab midterm
Using the functional classification of joints, the intervertebral joint between bodies of adjacent vertebrae is a(n) ________ joint.
amphiarthrotic (slightly movable)
You are asked to demonstrate plantar flexion. To do this, you must move your ________.
ankle
Terminal cisterns ________.
are made of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Both the knee and the temporomandibular joints ________.
are modified hinge joints
The hip joint is an example of a __________ synovial joint.
ball-and-socket
A joint can only perform these movements: flexion/extension and abduction/adduction. It is therefore a ________ joint.
biaxial
This two-headed muscle bulges when the forearm is flexed. It is the most familiar muscle of the anterior humerus. It is the __________.
biceps brachii
An agonist for elbow flexion is ________, whereas the ________ is an antagonist to this movement.
biceps brachii, triceps brachii
Acetylcholine (ACh) is the neurotransmitter of axon terminals at the neuromuscular junction. It _______
binds to receptors on the muscle membrane
The dark band of skeletal muscle consists of ________.
both thick and thin filaments
This muscle compresses the cheek when you whistle.
buccinator
At the neuromuscular junction, the electrical signal of the nerve ________.
causes the axon terminal to release acetylcholine (ACh)
Which of the following bone belongs to the appendicular skeleton?
clavicle
Pectoralis major originates on the ________ and inserts in the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus.
clavicle and sternum
Muscles are named based on all the criteria below except ________.
color of the muscle
Knuckles, formed by the metacarpals and phalanges, are a ________ type of synovial joint.
condylar
Which kinds of synovial joints can move in two (and only two) planes of the body?
condyloid
Which of the following structures is an attachment site for muscles or ligaments?
crest
This muscle works as a fixator of the shoulder when you attempt to lift a heavy table with your forearm
deltoid
Ligaments reinforce joints by holding the bones together. What tissue type are ligaments?
dense regular connective tissue
This pair of muscles includes the prime mover of inspiration, and its synergist.
diaphragm and external intercostals
Longitudinal bone growth occurs at this location in long bones.
epiphyseal plates
A muscle located on the anterior surface of the thigh will ________ the knee, whereas a muscle on the posterior surface will ________ the knee.
extend, flex
This muscle is named for the direction of its fibers.
external oblique
Each of the elements that make up a skeletal muscle is surrounded by connective tissue. Which words below correctly pair the connective tissue layer with the corresponding muscle structure?
fascicle: perimysium
Name the large bone or bones of the thigh.
femur
Because the cells of skeletal muscle are relatively large and cylindrical in shape, they are also known as __________.
fibers
The type of cartilage that has the greatest strength and is found in the knee joint and intervertebral discs is __________.
fibrocartilage
Which of the cartilage types below is matched correctly to it body location?
fibrocartilage; meniscus of the knee
Sutures, which have their irregular edges of bone joined by short fibers of connective tissue, are an example of __________ joints.
fibrous
Bending forward at the hip is an example of ________.
flexion
This forearm muscle is a powerful wrist flexor.
flexor carpi radialis
This is a passageway for blood vessels and nerves.
foramen
This lower limb muscle, which attaches to the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon and plantar flexes the foot when the knee is extended, is the __________.
gastrocnemius
This muscle allows you to stand on tiptoe when the knee is extended, and it flexes the knee when the foot is dorsiflexed.
gastrocnemius
The ________ of the scapula receives the humerus.
glenoid cavity
The __________ is the largest and most superficial of the gluteal muscles.
gluteus maximus
Like the deltoid muscle that lies over and abducts the shoulder, these two muscles lie over the hip and are prime movers of hip abduction. Neither muscle extends the hip.
gluteus medius and gluteus minimus
This special type of joint holds the teeth in place.
gomphosis
Commonly referred to as the ________, this muscle group on the posterior thigh extends the hip.
hamstrings
The quadriceps are the prime movers of knee extension. Which muscle group is an antagonist to knee extension?
hamstrings
A condyle differs from an epicondyle in that the condyle ________.
helps form a joint
This type of cartilage attaches ribs to the sternum
hyaline
The articular cartilage in synovial joints best resembles ________.
hyaline cartilage
What kind of tissue comprises the epiphyseal plate of bones?
hyaline cartilage
What tissue type replaces periosteum on the ends of articulating bones?
hyaline cartilage
This bone does not articulate with any other bone in the body. Muscles of the neck and tongue attach to it.
hyoid
This deep muscle flexes the trunk on the thigh.
iliopsoas
These fossae of the scapula contain muscles that stabilize the shoulder.
infraspinous fossa, subscapular fossa, and supraspinous fossa
Every muscle of the body is attached to a bone or other connective tissue structure at two points. The __________ is the more movable attachment.
insertion
A prime mover (agonist) ________.
is primarily responsible for a movement
This part of the coxal bone bears your weight when you sit.
ischial tuberosity
This foramen lies between the temporal and occipital bones on the inferior surface of the skull. A major vein and several cranial nerves pass through it.
jugular foramen
This powerful muscle is the prime mover of arm extension.
latissimus dorsi
Muscles that act on the __________ cause movement at the hip, knee, and foot joints.
lower limb
This muscle originates on the zygomatic arch and inserts at the angle and ramus of the mandible. It is responsible for closing the jaw.
masseter
The ________ is the only facial bone with a sinus.
maxilla
The ________ of the humerus is called the "funny bone." The tingling sensation that you experience is due to striking of the ulnar nerve that runs behind this structure.
medial epicondyle
The ________ is the storage area for yellow marrow in an adult bone.
medullary cavity
The hand consists of three groups of bones. The carpals make up the wrist. The __________ make up the palm, and the phalanges make up the fingers.
metacarpals
Muscles are strung across joints and can therefore move them. The insertion of a muscle ________.
moves toward the origin during contraction
This contractile protein is shaped like a golf club.
myosin
The thick and thin filaments are made up of ________, respectively.
myosin and actin
This joint of the body has the greatest range of movement.
shoulder
When both muscles of this pair are contracted simultaneously, they flex the neck forward.
sternocleidomastoid
The ________ joint is an immovable joint that holds bones of the axial skeleton tightly together to protect the ________.
suture, brain
In this type of cartilaginous joint, bones are connected by fibrocartilage. The joint is amphiarthrotic.
symphysis
The space between the axon terminal and the sarcolemma of a muscle fiber is called the ________.
synaptic cleft
Structural classification of joints includes fibrous, cartilaginous, and __________ , which have a fluid-filled cavity between articulating bones.
synovial
Using the structural classification of joints, the shoulder is a ________ joint.
synovial
The leg bones articulate with this ankle bone and transfer weight to the foot.
talus
Body weight is borne by the two largest tarsal bones: ________ and ________.
talus, calcaneus
The cranial bones that house the organs of hearing are the ________ bones.
temporal
This strong, cord-like structure attaches muscles to bones.
tendon
Which of the following muscle does not form part of the rotator cuff?
teres major
The range of motion at the shoulder is greater than the range of motion at the hip because ________.
the glenoid fossa is a very shallow cavity
Brachioradialis and sternocleidomastoid are named for ________.
the location of their origin and insertion
Larger, more powerful muscles have relatively less connective tissue than smaller muscles.
False
The functional classification of joints is based on __________.
amount of movement allowed by the joint
The biceps femoris is located in the anterior compartment of the thigh.
False
The primary action of muscle on the medial compartment of the thigh is ________.
adduction of the thigh
What is true about the movement properties of the following joints?
All synovial joints are freely movable.
This indentation of the sarcolemma carries electrical signals deep into the muscle cells.
T tubule
Muscles of facial expression differ from most skeletal muscles because they usually do NOT insert into a bone.
True
Skeletal muscle cells have more than one nucleus.
True
A cordlike structure that connects a muscle to another muscle or bone is __________.
a tendon
Movement of a limb away from the midline or median plane of the body in the frontal plane is known as __________.
abduction
Movement of the upper limb away from the trunk is called ________.
abduction
The exceptional flexibility of the shoulder girdle is due, in part, to the ________.
ability of the scapula to slide easily against the thorax
This contractile protein forms the thin filaments.
actin
The foramen magnum is located in which bone of the skull?
occipital
Extension (or straightening) of the elbow stops when the proximal end of the ulna engages the ________.
olecranon fossa of the humerus
This muscle closes the eyes, allowing you to wink or blink.
orbicularis oculi
Pronation and supination are movements of the ________.
palm of the hand
This large, fan-shaped muscle of the upper chest is the prime mover of arm flexion.
pectoralis major
Which fibers are "stressed" (pulled upon) in periostitis?
perforating fibers
The joint between the head of the radius and the ulna is a ________ type of synovial joint.
pivot
Name the bone or bones of the forearm.
radius and ulna
These abdominal muscles are responsible for giving me my "six-pack." They also stabilize my pelvis when walking. They are the ___________ muscles.
rectus abdominis
This muscle originates on the spinous processes of C7 and T1 - T5, and inserts on the medial border of the scapula.
rhomboids
A synergist to zygomaticus, this muscle aids in smiling.
risorius
This type of movement is common in ball-and-socket joints and can be described as the movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis. It is __________.
rotation
Flexion and extension are usually movements in the ________ plane(s) of the body.
sagittal
The midline suture marking the articulation of the two parietal bones is called the ________ suture.
sagittal
The actual contractile units of muscles extend from Z disc to Z disc. They are ________.
sarcomeres
Commonly called as the "tailors muscle," this muscle allows one to sit in a cross-legged position.
sartorius
The acromial end of the clavicle articulates with the ________.
scapula
The structural classification of joints is based on ________.
the type of connective tissue between the articulating bones
This bone bears the medial malleolus.
tibia
A superficial muscle of the leg, this one dorsiflexes the foot.
tibialis anterior
The shape of this muscle gives it its name.
trapezius
This superficial muscle covers a large part of the posterior thorax.
trapezius
This name reveals the number of the muscle's origins
triceps brachii
The __________ musculature includes muscles that move the vertebral column and muscles that move the ribs.
trunk
In adults, ________ marrow fills the central canal of long bones, and ________ marrow is found in the epiphyses of long bones.
yellow, red
This muscle is used in smiling.
zygomaticus