Anatomy lab midterm

Using the functional classification of joints, the intervertebral joint between bodies of adjacent vertebrae is a(n) ________ joint.

amphiarthrotic (slightly movable)

You are asked to demonstrate plantar flexion. To do this, you must move your ________.

ankle

Terminal cisterns ________.

are made of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Both the knee and the temporomandibular joints ________.

are modified hinge joints

The hip joint is an example of a __________ synovial joint.

ball-and-socket

A joint can only perform these movements: flexion/extension and abduction/adduction. It is therefore a ________ joint.

biaxial

This two-headed muscle bulges when the forearm is flexed. It is the most familiar muscle of the anterior humerus. It is the __________.

biceps brachii

An agonist for elbow flexion is ________, whereas the ________ is an antagonist to this movement.

biceps brachii, triceps brachii

Acetylcholine (ACh) is the neurotransmitter of axon terminals at the neuromuscular junction. It _______

binds to receptors on the muscle membrane

The dark band of skeletal muscle consists of ________.

both thick and thin filaments

This muscle compresses the cheek when you whistle.

buccinator

At the neuromuscular junction, the electrical signal of the nerve ________.

causes the axon terminal to release acetylcholine (ACh)

Which of the following bone belongs to the appendicular skeleton?

clavicle

Pectoralis major originates on the ________ and inserts in the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus.

clavicle and sternum

Muscles are named based on all the criteria below except ________.

color of the muscle

Knuckles, formed by the metacarpals and phalanges, are a ________ type of synovial joint.

condylar

Which kinds of synovial joints can move in two (and only two) planes of the body?

condyloid

Which of the following structures is an attachment site for muscles or ligaments?

crest

This muscle works as a fixator of the shoulder when you attempt to lift a heavy table with your forearm

deltoid

Ligaments reinforce joints by holding the bones together. What tissue type are ligaments?

dense regular connective tissue

This pair of muscles includes the prime mover of inspiration, and its synergist.

diaphragm and external intercostals

Longitudinal bone growth occurs at this location in long bones.

epiphyseal plates

A muscle located on the anterior surface of the thigh will ________ the knee, whereas a muscle on the posterior surface will ________ the knee.

extend, flex

This muscle is named for the direction of its fibers.

external oblique

Each of the elements that make up a skeletal muscle is surrounded by connective tissue. Which words below correctly pair the connective tissue layer with the corresponding muscle structure?

fascicle: perimysium

Name the large bone or bones of the thigh.

femur

Because the cells of skeletal muscle are relatively large and cylindrical in shape, they are also known as __________.

fibers

The type of cartilage that has the greatest strength and is found in the knee joint and intervertebral discs is __________.

fibrocartilage

Which of the cartilage types below is matched correctly to it body location?

fibrocartilage; meniscus of the knee

Sutures, which have their irregular edges of bone joined by short fibers of connective tissue, are an example of __________ joints.

fibrous

Bending forward at the hip is an example of ________.

flexion

This forearm muscle is a powerful wrist flexor.

flexor carpi radialis

This is a passageway for blood vessels and nerves.

foramen

This lower limb muscle, which attaches to the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon and plantar flexes the foot when the knee is extended, is the __________.

gastrocnemius

This muscle allows you to stand on tiptoe when the knee is extended, and it flexes the knee when the foot is dorsiflexed.

gastrocnemius

The ________ of the scapula receives the humerus.

glenoid cavity

The __________ is the largest and most superficial of the gluteal muscles.

gluteus maximus

Like the deltoid muscle that lies over and abducts the shoulder, these two muscles lie over the hip and are prime movers of hip abduction. Neither muscle extends the hip.

gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

This special type of joint holds the teeth in place.

gomphosis

Commonly referred to as the ________, this muscle group on the posterior thigh extends the hip.

hamstrings

The quadriceps are the prime movers of knee extension. Which muscle group is an antagonist to knee extension?

hamstrings

A condyle differs from an epicondyle in that the condyle ________.

helps form a joint

This type of cartilage attaches ribs to the sternum

hyaline

The articular cartilage in synovial joints best resembles ________.

hyaline cartilage

What kind of tissue comprises the epiphyseal plate of bones?

hyaline cartilage

What tissue type replaces periosteum on the ends of articulating bones?

hyaline cartilage

This bone does not articulate with any other bone in the body. Muscles of the neck and tongue attach to it.

hyoid

This deep muscle flexes the trunk on the thigh.

iliopsoas

These fossae of the scapula contain muscles that stabilize the shoulder.

infraspinous fossa, subscapular fossa, and supraspinous fossa

Every muscle of the body is attached to a bone or other connective tissue structure at two points. The __________ is the more movable attachment.

insertion

A prime mover (agonist) ________.

is primarily responsible for a movement

This part of the coxal bone bears your weight when you sit.

ischial tuberosity

This foramen lies between the temporal and occipital bones on the inferior surface of the skull. A major vein and several cranial nerves pass through it.

jugular foramen

This powerful muscle is the prime mover of arm extension.

latissimus dorsi

Muscles that act on the __________ cause movement at the hip, knee, and foot joints.

lower limb

This muscle originates on the zygomatic arch and inserts at the angle and ramus of the mandible. It is responsible for closing the jaw.

masseter

The ________ is the only facial bone with a sinus.

maxilla

The ________ of the humerus is called the "funny bone." The tingling sensation that you experience is due to striking of the ulnar nerve that runs behind this structure.

medial epicondyle

The ________ is the storage area for yellow marrow in an adult bone.

medullary cavity

The hand consists of three groups of bones. The carpals make up the wrist. The __________ make up the palm, and the phalanges make up the fingers.

metacarpals

Muscles are strung across joints and can therefore move them. The insertion of a muscle ________.

moves toward the origin during contraction

This contractile protein is shaped like a golf club.

myosin

The thick and thin filaments are made up of ________, respectively.

myosin and actin

This joint of the body has the greatest range of movement.

shoulder

When both muscles of this pair are contracted simultaneously, they flex the neck forward.

sternocleidomastoid

The ________ joint is an immovable joint that holds bones of the axial skeleton tightly together to protect the ________.

suture, brain

In this type of cartilaginous joint, bones are connected by fibrocartilage. The joint is amphiarthrotic.

symphysis

The space between the axon terminal and the sarcolemma of a muscle fiber is called the ________.

synaptic cleft

Structural classification of joints includes fibrous, cartilaginous, and __________ , which have a fluid-filled cavity between articulating bones.

synovial

Using the structural classification of joints, the shoulder is a ________ joint.

synovial

The leg bones articulate with this ankle bone and transfer weight to the foot.

talus

Body weight is borne by the two largest tarsal bones: ________ and ________.

talus, calcaneus

The cranial bones that house the organs of hearing are the ________ bones.

temporal

This strong, cord-like structure attaches muscles to bones.

tendon

Which of the following muscle does not form part of the rotator cuff?

teres major

The range of motion at the shoulder is greater than the range of motion at the hip because ________.

the glenoid fossa is a very shallow cavity

Brachioradialis and sternocleidomastoid are named for ________.

the location of their origin and insertion

Larger, more powerful muscles have relatively less connective tissue than smaller muscles.

False

The functional classification of joints is based on __________.

amount of movement allowed by the joint

The biceps femoris is located in the anterior compartment of the thigh.

False

The primary action of muscle on the medial compartment of the thigh is ________.

adduction of the thigh

What is true about the movement properties of the following joints?

All synovial joints are freely movable.

This indentation of the sarcolemma carries electrical signals deep into the muscle cells.

T tubule

Muscles of facial expression differ from most skeletal muscles because they usually do NOT insert into a bone.

True

Skeletal muscle cells have more than one nucleus.

True

A cordlike structure that connects a muscle to another muscle or bone is __________.

a tendon

Movement of a limb away from the midline or median plane of the body in the frontal plane is known as __________.

abduction

Movement of the upper limb away from the trunk is called ________.

abduction

The exceptional flexibility of the shoulder girdle is due, in part, to the ________.

ability of the scapula to slide easily against the thorax

This contractile protein forms the thin filaments.

actin

The foramen magnum is located in which bone of the skull?

occipital

Extension (or straightening) of the elbow stops when the proximal end of the ulna engages the ________.

olecranon fossa of the humerus

This muscle closes the eyes, allowing you to wink or blink.

orbicularis oculi

Pronation and supination are movements of the ________.

palm of the hand

This large, fan-shaped muscle of the upper chest is the prime mover of arm flexion.

pectoralis major

Which fibers are "stressed" (pulled upon) in periostitis?

perforating fibers

The joint between the head of the radius and the ulna is a ________ type of synovial joint.

pivot

Name the bone or bones of the forearm.

radius and ulna

These abdominal muscles are responsible for giving me my "six-pack." They also stabilize my pelvis when walking. They are the ___________ muscles.

rectus abdominis

This muscle originates on the spinous processes of C7 and T1 - T5, and inserts on the medial border of the scapula.

rhomboids

A synergist to zygomaticus, this muscle aids in smiling.

risorius

This type of movement is common in ball-and-socket joints and can be described as the movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis. It is __________.

rotation

Flexion and extension are usually movements in the ________ plane(s) of the body.

sagittal

The midline suture marking the articulation of the two parietal bones is called the ________ suture.

sagittal

The actual contractile units of muscles extend from Z disc to Z disc. They are ________.

sarcomeres

Commonly called as the "tailors muscle," this muscle allows one to sit in a cross-legged position.

sartorius

The acromial end of the clavicle articulates with the ________.

scapula

The structural classification of joints is based on ________.

the type of connective tissue between the articulating bones

This bone bears the medial malleolus.

tibia

A superficial muscle of the leg, this one dorsiflexes the foot.

tibialis anterior

The shape of this muscle gives it its name.

trapezius

This superficial muscle covers a large part of the posterior thorax.

trapezius

This name reveals the number of the muscle's origins

triceps brachii

The __________ musculature includes muscles that move the vertebral column and muscles that move the ribs.

trunk

In adults, ________ marrow fills the central canal of long bones, and ________ marrow is found in the epiphyses of long bones.

yellow, red

This muscle is used in smiling.

zygomaticus