Anatomy - Skeletal System
Perichondrium
double-layered connective tissue sheath covering most cartilage
Chondroblasts
produces a matrix that surrounds themselves
Collagen and mineral components
responsible for the major functional characteristics of bone
Chondrocyte
round cell that occupies a space called lacuna
Interstital Growth
chondrocytes within the tissue divide and add more matrix between the existing cells
Cartilage
A connective tissue that is more flexible than bone and that protects the ends of bones and keeps them from rubbing together.
Collagen and preoteoglycans
Bone matrix is 35% organic material and this is made of...
Calcium phosphate crystal (hydroxypatite)
Bone matrix is 65% inorganic material and this is made of...
Ossification or Osteogenesis
Formation of bone by osteoblasts
Bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments
Four components of the skeletal system
Support
Function of the skeletal system; bears weight, is the major supporting tissue
Blood cell production
Function of the skeletal system; bone contains cavities filled with red bone marrow that gives rise to blood cells and platelets
Protection
Function of the skeletal system; bone is hard, protects the organ is surrounds
Movement
Function of the skeletal system; contraction of skeletal muscles moves the bones
Storage
Function of the skeletal system; some minerals are taken into bone and stored and should blood levels of these minerals decrease, they are released from the bone back into the blood
Support, Protection, Movement, Storage, Blood cell production
Functions of the Skeletal System
Hyaline cartilage
Most common type of cartilage; it is found on the ends of long bones, ribs, and nose; consists of chondroblasts
Osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts
Three types of bone cells
Hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic
Three types of cartilage
Bone is very brittle
What happens if collagen is removed from the bone?
Bone is overly flexible
What happens if mineral is removed from a long bone?
Appositional growth and interstitial growth
Two types of cartilage growth
Articular Cartilage
a hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of bones that come together to form joints
Osteoblats
bone-forming cells that release matrix vesicles
Osteocytes
mature bone cells
Ligaments
strong bands of connective tissue that attach bones and hold them together
Tendons
strong bands of connective tissue that attaches bone to muscle
Appositional growth
type of cartilage growth; chondroblasts in the perichondrium add new cartilage to the outside edge of the existing cartilage