Anatomy - Skeletal System

Perichondrium

double-layered connective tissue sheath covering most cartilage

Chondroblasts

produces a matrix that surrounds themselves

Collagen and mineral components

responsible for the major functional characteristics of bone

Chondrocyte

round cell that occupies a space called lacuna

Interstital Growth

chondrocytes within the tissue divide and add more matrix between the existing cells

Cartilage

A connective tissue that is more flexible than bone and that protects the ends of bones and keeps them from rubbing together.

Collagen and preoteoglycans

Bone matrix is 35% organic material and this is made of...

Calcium phosphate crystal (hydroxypatite)

Bone matrix is 65% inorganic material and this is made of...

Ossification or Osteogenesis

Formation of bone by osteoblasts

Bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments

Four components of the skeletal system

Support

Function of the skeletal system; bears weight, is the major supporting tissue

Blood cell production

Function of the skeletal system; bone contains cavities filled with red bone marrow that gives rise to blood cells and platelets

Protection

Function of the skeletal system; bone is hard, protects the organ is surrounds

Movement

Function of the skeletal system; contraction of skeletal muscles moves the bones

Storage

Function of the skeletal system; some minerals are taken into bone and stored and should blood levels of these minerals decrease, they are released from the bone back into the blood

Support, Protection, Movement, Storage, Blood cell production

Functions of the Skeletal System

Hyaline cartilage

Most common type of cartilage; it is found on the ends of long bones, ribs, and nose; consists of chondroblasts

Osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts

Three types of bone cells

Hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic

Three types of cartilage

Bone is very brittle

What happens if collagen is removed from the bone?

Bone is overly flexible

What happens if mineral is removed from a long bone?

Appositional growth and interstitial growth

Two types of cartilage growth

Articular Cartilage

a hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of bones that come together to form joints

Osteoblats

bone-forming cells that release matrix vesicles

Osteocytes

mature bone cells

Ligaments

strong bands of connective tissue that attach bones and hold them together

Tendons

strong bands of connective tissue that attaches bone to muscle

Appositional growth

type of cartilage growth; chondroblasts in the perichondrium add new cartilage to the outside edge of the existing cartilage