Ankle sprains

The deltoid ligament

Be contused in inversion sprains because of impingement between the medial malleolus and the calcaneus.

Cause of ankle sprains

More common injuries in athletes/ be classified by the mechanism of injury

PRICE

P-protection R-rest I-ice C-compression E-elevation

High ankle sprain

The anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments and the distal portion of the interosseous membrane holding the tibia and fibula together are torn with forced hyperdorsiflexion and external rotation of the foot as when twisting on a planted foot/ take months to heel/ longer than inversion and eversion sprains

The anterior talofibular ligament

The weakest of the three lateral ligaments(前脛骨靭帯)

Eversion ankle sprains

are less common than inversion ankle sprains because of the bony and ligamentous anatomy. / Take longer to heel than inversion sprain

The calcaneofibular and posterior talofibular ligaments

are likely to be injured in inversion sprains as the force of inversion is increased(踵骨靱帯および後脛骨靭帯)

Ankle taping (High-top shoes)

has a stabilizing effect on unstable ankles without interfering with motor performance

Returning to full activity

include a gradual progression of functional activities e.g) walking, jogging, running, cutting

Care for ankle sprain

initial treatment efforts should be directed toward limiting the amount of swelling

Eversion injuries

involve an avulsion fracture of the tibia before the deltoid ligament tears

Increased force

is needed to tear the calcaneofibular ligament

Inversion ankle sprains

most common and often results in injury to the lateral ligaments. It is injured in an inverted and plantarflexed position(反転足首捻挫)

Limiting the amount of acute swelling

reduce the time required for rehabilitation

Grade 1 sprain

some stretching or perhaps tearing of the ligamentous fibers, with little or no joint instability./ Mild pain, little swelling/ joint stiffness may be apparent

Grade 2 sprain

some tearing and separation of the ligamentous fibers and moderate instability of the joint/ Moderate-to-severe pain/ swelling/ joint stiffness

Controlling initial swelling

the single most important treatment measure that can be taken during the entire rehabilitation process

Grade 3 sprain

total rupture of the ligament/ manifested primarily by gross instability of the joint/ Severe pain/ little or no pain because of total disruption of nerve fibers/ Swelling/ requires some form of immobilization lasting several weeks/ Surgical repair or reconstruction may be necessary to correct an instability