ANS
Autonomic motor neurons regulate visceral activities by 1. Increasing activities in effector tissue. 2. Decreasing activities in effector tissue. 3. Allowing bidirectional conduction across synapses.
1 and 2
Place the events in order of sympathetic motor pathways. 1. Postganglionic neuron depolarizes 2. Acetylcholine binds to sweat gland's muscarinic receptor 3. Postganglionic neuron releases acetylcholine 4. Neuron exits lumbar segment of spinal cord 5. Acetylcholine binds to nicotinic receptor 6. Neuron releases acetylcholine
4, 6, 5, 1, 3, 2
Cholinergic neurons release ___ and adrenergic neurons release ____.
ACh ; NE
Which statements about receptors and the neurotransmitters are true?
ACh binding to nicotinic receptors is excitatory NE can cause an excitatory or inhibitory effect on effectors Nicotine can mimic ACh 3, 5, 6
In a parasympathetic division motor pathway, which neurotransmitter is released at the effector?
Acetylcholine
Which neurotransmitters is released at the autonomic ganglion by the preganglionic neuron?
Acetylcholine
Which disorder is a type of neuropathy often caused by long term diabetes mellitus?
Diabetic neuropathy
The two division of the autonomic nervous system have antagonistic effects on all of the following effector structures EXCEPT
Blood vessels in skeletal muscles
Which sympathetic ganglion supplies the stomach with postganglionic neurons?
Celiac ganglion
The autonomic nervous system is involved in controlling what effectors? Select all that apply.
Exocrine glands Cardiac muscles Smooth muscle Endocrine glands
Jennifer is at a stoplight and begins to accelerate into traffic when the light turns green. She stops suddenly as a truck runs the red light and is only a few inches away from the front bumper. Which effect would you NOT expect to see in Jennifer's body?
Increased secretion of digestive juices
Which autonomic plexuses serve the large intestine? Select all that apply
Inferior mesenteric plexus Superior mesenteric plexus
The chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla possess what type of receptor that makes them responsive to the ACh released by preganglionic sympathetic neurons?
Nicotinic receptors
In a sympathetic division motor pathway, which neurotransmitters is released at the kidney?
Norepinephrine
The two main neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system are
Norepinephrine and acetylcholine.
Which cranial nerves contain preganglionic neurons for the parasympathetic motor pathway to the salivary glands?
Oculomotor (III) nerve Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve
Splanchinic nerves are primarily
Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers
Which two neurons would normally have the shortest axons?
Preganglionic sympathetic neurons Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons
Beta blockers are used to
Prevent a rise in heart rate.
Which of the following lists the components of an autonomic reflex arc in the proper sequence of activation?
Receptor - sensory neuron - integrating center - motor neuron - effector
A postganglionic neuron in the ANS
Release neurotransmitters that binds to the effector cell.
One of the main differences between a somatic reflex and autonomic reflex is the type of effectors that are activated. The effectors in somatic reflexes are ____, while the effectors in autonomic reflexes are _____.
Skeletal muscles; smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
Thoracolumbar is another name for which division of ANS?
Sympathetic nervous system
Which of the following statements describes a common response of an autonomic effector during the "fight-or-flight" response?
The pupils of the eyes dilate
Parasympathetic innervation of the liver occurs through
Vagus (X) nerve
Autonomic tone is regulated by the
hypothalamus
Cholinergic receptors include
nicotinic and muscarinic receptors
Which neuron is most likely to be adrenergic?
sympathetic postganglionic
When acetylcholine binds to _____ receptors on postganglionic neurons or chromaffin cells it is always ______.
• Nicotinic receptors • Excitatory
To decrease urine volume, the ______ division causes a release of ______ to ______ receptors causing vasoconstriction of the kidney arterioles involved in filtration.
• Sympathetic • Norepinephrine • a1-adrenergic