ANS

Autonomic motor neurons regulate visceral activities by 1. Increasing activities in effector tissue. 2. Decreasing activities in effector tissue. 3. Allowing bidirectional conduction across synapses.

1 and 2

Place the events in order of sympathetic motor pathways. 1. Postganglionic neuron depolarizes 2. Acetylcholine binds to sweat gland's muscarinic receptor 3. Postganglionic neuron releases acetylcholine 4. Neuron exits lumbar segment of spinal cord 5. Acetylcholine binds to nicotinic receptor 6. Neuron releases acetylcholine

4, 6, 5, 1, 3, 2

Cholinergic neurons release ___ and adrenergic neurons release ____.

ACh ; NE

Which statements about receptors and the neurotransmitters are true?

ACh binding to nicotinic receptors is excitatory NE can cause an excitatory or inhibitory effect on effectors Nicotine can mimic ACh 3, 5, 6

In a parasympathetic division motor pathway, which neurotransmitter is released at the effector?

Acetylcholine

Which neurotransmitters is released at the autonomic ganglion by the preganglionic neuron?

Acetylcholine

Which disorder is a type of neuropathy often caused by long term diabetes mellitus?

Diabetic neuropathy

The two division of the autonomic nervous system have antagonistic effects on all of the following effector structures EXCEPT

Blood vessels in skeletal muscles

Which sympathetic ganglion supplies the stomach with postganglionic neurons?

Celiac ganglion

The autonomic nervous system is involved in controlling what effectors? Select all that apply.

Exocrine glands Cardiac muscles Smooth muscle Endocrine glands

Jennifer is at a stoplight and begins to accelerate into traffic when the light turns green. She stops suddenly as a truck runs the red light and is only a few inches away from the front bumper. Which effect would you NOT expect to see in Jennifer's body?

Increased secretion of digestive juices

Which autonomic plexuses serve the large intestine? Select all that apply

Inferior mesenteric plexus Superior mesenteric plexus

The chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla possess what type of receptor that makes them responsive to the ACh released by preganglionic sympathetic neurons?

Nicotinic receptors

In a sympathetic division motor pathway, which neurotransmitters is released at the kidney?

Norepinephrine

The two main neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system are

Norepinephrine and acetylcholine.

Which cranial nerves contain preganglionic neurons for the parasympathetic motor pathway to the salivary glands?

Oculomotor (III) nerve Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve

Splanchinic nerves are primarily

Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers

Which two neurons would normally have the shortest axons?

Preganglionic sympathetic neurons Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons

Beta blockers are used to

Prevent a rise in heart rate.

Which of the following lists the components of an autonomic reflex arc in the proper sequence of activation?

Receptor - sensory neuron - integrating center - motor neuron - effector

A postganglionic neuron in the ANS

Release neurotransmitters that binds to the effector cell.

One of the main differences between a somatic reflex and autonomic reflex is the type of effectors that are activated. The effectors in somatic reflexes are ____, while the effectors in autonomic reflexes are _____.

Skeletal muscles; smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Thoracolumbar is another name for which division of ANS?

Sympathetic nervous system

Which of the following statements describes a common response of an autonomic effector during the "fight-or-flight" response?

The pupils of the eyes dilate

Parasympathetic innervation of the liver occurs through

Vagus (X) nerve

Autonomic tone is regulated by the

hypothalamus

Cholinergic receptors include

nicotinic and muscarinic receptors

Which neuron is most likely to be adrenergic?

sympathetic postganglionic

When acetylcholine binds to _____ receptors on postganglionic neurons or chromaffin cells it is always ______.

• Nicotinic receptors • Excitatory

To decrease urine volume, the ______ division causes a release of ______ to ______ receptors causing vasoconstriction of the kidney arterioles involved in filtration.

• Sympathetic • Norepinephrine • a1-adrenergic