ANTH 152 Exam 3
Joint Stock Company
A firm that is managed by a centralized board of directors but is owned by shareholders.
Colonies
A foreign territory under the immediate political control of a nation state.
Dutch East India Company (VOC)
A joint stock company character by the Dutch government to control all Dutch trade in the Indian and pacific oceans. Also known by its dutch initials VOC for Verenigde Oostendische Compagnie.
Modernization Theory
A model of development that predicts that nonindustrial societies will move in the social and technological direction of industrialized nations.
God(deity)
A named spirit who is believed to have created or to have control of some aspect of the world.
Divination
A religious ritual performed to find hidden objects or information
Rite of passage
A ritual that move an individual from one social status to another
Religion
A social institution characterized by scared stories, proposed existence of immeasurable beings, powers, states, places, and qualities; rituals and means of addressing the supernatural; specific practitioners; and change
Communitas
A state of perceived solidarity, equality, and unity among people sharing a religious ritual, often characterized by intense emotion
Cosmology
A system of beliefs that deal with fundamental questions in the religious and social order.
Monoculture Plantation
An agricultural plantation specializing in a large-scale production of a single crop to be sold on the market.
Shaman
An individual socially recognized as being able to medicate between the world of humanity and the world of gods or spirits but who is not a recognized official of any religious organization.
Anime
Animation, as in the popular culture of japan; usually refers to animation of manga, or comic book graphic art
Prayer
Any conversation held with spirits and gods in which people petition, invoke, praise, give thanks, dedicate, supplicate, intercede, confess, repent, and bless
Art
Forms of creative expression that are guided by aesthetic principles and involve imagination, skill and style
Sweatshop
Generally, a pejorative term from a factory with working conditions that may include low wages, long hours, inadequate ventilation, and physical, mental, or sexual abuse.
Manga
Japanese comic book art
World Bank
Officially called the International Bank of Reconstruction and Development, an international agency that provides technical assistance and loans to promote international trade and economic development, especially poor nations. The World Bank has often been criticized for interfering in the affairs of these nations.
Neoliberalism
Political and economic policies that promote free trade, individual initiative
Sacred narrative
Stories of historical events, heroes, god, spirits, and creation that members of a religious tradition hold to be holy and true.
Heeren XVII
The Lords Seventeen, members of the Board of directors of the Dutch East India Company
Liminal
The Stage of a ritual, particularly a rite of passage, in which one has passed out of an old status but has not yet entered new one.
Colonialism
The active possession of a foreign territory and the maintenance of political domination over that territory
World art
The contemporary visual arts and cultural performances of non-western people
Animism
The notation that all objects, living and nonliving, are imbued with spirits.
Antistructure
The socially sanctioned use of behavior that radically violates social norms; frequently found in religious ritual.
Pillage
To strip am area of money, goods, or raw materials through the threat or use of physical violence
Corvée labor
Unpaid labor required by governing authority.
Magic
a religious ritual believed to produce a mechanical effect by supernatural
Priest
one who is formally elected, appointed, or heard to a full-time religious office
Globalization
the spread of technology and beliefs around the globe
Gross National Income (GNI)
the total value of goods and services produced in a country
Ritual
A ceremonial act or repeated stylized gesture used for specific occasions involving the use of religious symbols
Multinational Corporation (MNC)
A corporation that owns business enterprises or plants in more than one nation.
Structural Adjustment
A development policy promoted by Western Nations, particularly the United States, that requires poor nations to pursue free-market reforms in order to get new loans from the International Monetary Fund and World Bank