ANTH 152 Exam 3

Joint Stock Company

A firm that is managed by a centralized board of directors but is owned by shareholders.

Colonies

A foreign territory under the immediate political control of a nation state.

Dutch East India Company (VOC)

A joint stock company character by the Dutch government to control all Dutch trade in the Indian and pacific oceans. Also known by its dutch initials VOC for Verenigde Oostendische Compagnie.

Modernization Theory

A model of development that predicts that nonindustrial societies will move in the social and technological direction of industrialized nations.

God(deity)

A named spirit who is believed to have created or to have control of some aspect of the world.

Divination

A religious ritual performed to find hidden objects or information

Rite of passage

A ritual that move an individual from one social status to another

Religion

A social institution characterized by scared stories, proposed existence of immeasurable beings, powers, states, places, and qualities; rituals and means of addressing the supernatural; specific practitioners; and change

Communitas

A state of perceived solidarity, equality, and unity among people sharing a religious ritual, often characterized by intense emotion

Cosmology

A system of beliefs that deal with fundamental questions in the religious and social order.

Monoculture Plantation

An agricultural plantation specializing in a large-scale production of a single crop to be sold on the market.

Shaman

An individual socially recognized as being able to medicate between the world of humanity and the world of gods or spirits but who is not a recognized official of any religious organization.

Anime

Animation, as in the popular culture of japan; usually refers to animation of manga, or comic book graphic art

Prayer

Any conversation held with spirits and gods in which people petition, invoke, praise, give thanks, dedicate, supplicate, intercede, confess, repent, and bless

Art

Forms of creative expression that are guided by aesthetic principles and involve imagination, skill and style

Sweatshop

Generally, a pejorative term from a factory with working conditions that may include low wages, long hours, inadequate ventilation, and physical, mental, or sexual abuse.

Manga

Japanese comic book art

World Bank

Officially called the International Bank of Reconstruction and Development, an international agency that provides technical assistance and loans to promote international trade and economic development, especially poor nations. The World Bank has often been criticized for interfering in the affairs of these nations.

Neoliberalism

Political and economic policies that promote free trade, individual initiative

Sacred narrative

Stories of historical events, heroes, god, spirits, and creation that members of a religious tradition hold to be holy and true.

Heeren XVII

The Lords Seventeen, members of the Board of directors of the Dutch East India Company

Liminal

The Stage of a ritual, particularly a rite of passage, in which one has passed out of an old status but has not yet entered new one.

Colonialism

The active possession of a foreign territory and the maintenance of political domination over that territory

World art

The contemporary visual arts and cultural performances of non-western people

Animism

The notation that all objects, living and nonliving, are imbued with spirits.

Antistructure

The socially sanctioned use of behavior that radically violates social norms; frequently found in religious ritual.

Pillage

To strip am area of money, goods, or raw materials through the threat or use of physical violence

Corvée labor

Unpaid labor required by governing authority.

Magic

a religious ritual believed to produce a mechanical effect by supernatural

Priest

one who is formally elected, appointed, or heard to a full-time religious office

Globalization

the spread of technology and beliefs around the globe

Gross National Income (GNI)

the total value of goods and services produced in a country

Ritual

A ceremonial act or repeated stylized gesture used for specific occasions involving the use of religious symbols

Multinational Corporation (MNC)

A corporation that owns business enterprises or plants in more than one nation.

Structural Adjustment

A development policy promoted by Western Nations, particularly the United States, that requires poor nations to pursue free-market reforms in order to get new loans from the International Monetary Fund and World Bank