anthropology 2019 concept questions

When did Darwin write his synopsis of his theory of evolution? a. 1859 b. 1872 c. 1831 d. 1844

1844

In which century did James Hutton suggest the concept of Uniformitarianism? A. 18th Century B. 17th Century C. 19th century D. 16th century

18th century

The dental formula for human teeth is: 2:1:2:3 2:1:2:4 3:1:3:3 4:2:2:3

2:1:2:3

If a mom who is heterozygous (Hh) for brown eyes and a dad who is homozygous (hh) for blue eyes what are the odds that their baby will have blue eyes? 25% 50% 75% 100%

50%

How many levels of classification in Linnaean taxonomy are there? 7 8 9 10

8

Which of the following are NOT true about the Scientific Theory? A. A theory cannot be proven absolutely. B. Scientific theories are correctable. C. Faith should not be considered when developing a scientific theory. D. A hypothesis should only be tested once.

A hypothesis should only be tested once.

Which of the following is an example of the bottleneck effect? Albino animals have a lower survival rate than other members of their species. A farmer chooses to replant apple trees with the seeds from bigger apples so that the next harvest results in bigger apples. A seal population is hunted to near extinction, and then the population starts to increase again . A group of beetles sail to an island on a stick and start a new population on that island

A seal population is hunted to near extinction, and then the population starts to increase again

Darwin's Three Postulates for Natural Selection are ______. A struggle for existence; variation within populations; and variation is heritable. A variation within populations; a variation is testable; and a change in inheritance. A struggle for existence; a change in inheritance; and a variation is heritable. A variation is testable; a change in inheritance; and a struggle for existence.

A struggle for existence; variation within populations; and variation is heritable.

Who developed the "Three Age System"? a. John Frere England b. Christian Jürgensen Thomsen c. Charles Lyell d. William Smith

Christian Jürgensen Thomsen

Carolus Linnaeus is credited with what? Creating the naming system we use today which is known as binomial nomenclature Proposing the "Great Chain of Being" theory Proving that variation existed in populations Proposing that acquired traits are passed on to offspring

Creating the naming system we use today which is known as binomial nomenclature

What is the 4 field approach? Cultural, linguistics, biological anthropology, archaeology Biological archaeology, humanistic, biocultural interaction, holistic Humanistic, biology, language, cultural Biological anthropology, humanistic, observation, linguistics

Cultural, linguistics, biological anthropology, archaeology

What is sexual dimorphism? The evolutionary trait to be able to change sex Differences in the form and size of the two sexes A species having only two sexes Each member of a species takes two mates

Differences in the form and size of the two sexes

What is NOT considered part of the "Four Field Approach"? Forensic Anthropology Cultural Anthropology Linguistic Anthropology Biological Anthropology

Forensic Anthropology

Which of the following is NOT a misconception of Anthropology? A. Scientific theories are unbiased. B. Science has the ability to test the supernatural. C. Humans are a product of co-evolution of biology and culture. D. All matter and life can only be made by God

Humans are a product of co-evolution of biology and culture.

What are the three ages of Christian Thomsen's 'Three Age System'? Stone Age, Copper Age, & Steel Age Iron Age, Bronze Age, & Stone Age Bronze Age, Silver Age, & Gold Age Jurassic Age, Stone Age, Bronze Age

Iron Age, Bronze Age, & Stone Age

What are the four mechanics of evolution? Mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, natural selection Mutation, genetic pull, constant pull, natural selection Choice of nature, gene drift, genetic flow, natural selection Mutation drift, gene, genetic flow, genetic drift

Mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, natural selection

What are the fixed stages of human cultural development? a. Civilization, Barbarism, Savagery b. Barbarism, Savagery, Civilization c. Savagery, Barbarism, Civilization d. Barbarism, Civilization, Savagery

Savagery, Barbarism, Civilization

According to Lewis Henry Morgan, what are the fixed stages of development (in order)? Barbarism, civilization, savagery Civilization, barbarism, savagery Savagery, civilization, barbarism Savagery, barbarism, civilization

Savagery, barbarism, civilization

Which best describes the Founder's Effect? A.Small, founding population is left as a remnant of a catastrophe B.Small group of individuals migrate and become reproductively isolated C.Does not create variation, but acts on existing variation D.Individuals migrate from one population to another

Small group of individuals migrate and become reproductively isolated

Modern Primates are NOT characterized by: Unspecialized anatomy Strict bipedalism Dexterous hands Diverse and flexible behavior

Strict bipedalism

Define homologous structure. Structures with similar function in unrelated organisms The physical expression of a genotype Alternate forms of a gene Structures evolved from a common ancestor

Structures evolved from a common ancestor

What are homologies? Structures evolved from a common ancestor Organisms belonging to the genus Simphonie Parts of cartilage in your inner nasal cavity Structures with similar function in unrelated organisms

Structures evolved from a common ancestor

What is NOT a key point of Cultural Anthropology ? Conducting Ethnography Aiding in solving contemporary problems Studying the human past through material remains Documenting and explaining cultural diversity

Studying the human past through material remains

What is particulate inheritance? The inheritance of discrete characteristics through genes that are independently expressed without the blending of characters from one generation to the next Random change in allele frequency from one generation to the next The approach in modern anthropology to view human biology and behavior together, as a whole, to understand our species Investigations of cultures from underwater artifacts and fossils

The inheritance of discrete characteristics through genes that are independently expressed without the blending of characters from one generation to the next

What is the Principle of Independent Assortment? A.Explains both the diversity and unity of life on Earth B.Variation is the "norm" in nature C.Members of each gene pair separate D.The splitting of one pair of genes during meiosis does not influence the splitting of other gene pairs

The splitting of one pair of genes during meiosis does not influence the splitting of other gene pairs

Paleoanthropology is ____________. a) The study of evolution and behavior of nonhuman primates b) The study of evolution and behavior of human ancestors c) The study of human past through material remains d) The study of culture prior to human records

The study of evolution and behavior of human ancestors

What are the characteristics of modern primates? Specialized anatomy, sharp vision, bipedalism Unspecialized anatomy, dexterous hands, keen vision Locomotion, maturation, teeth Quadrupedalism, increased brain size, opposable thumbs

Unspecialized anatomy, dexterous hands, keen vision

Which of the following definitions explain Adaptation? An existing population splits up into two or more new ones. An observable characteristic of an organism, that may or may not reflect a particular genotype due to the variable expression of dominant and recessive allies. A series of beneficial adjustments to a particular environment. Changes in a population caused by random events on individual level

a series of beneficial adjustments to a particular environment

A scientific theory is A. a well-supported explanation for all observations B. a hypothesis that hasn't been tested C. a guess or hunch about an idea D. unable to be proven false

a well-supported explanation for all observations

darwin has 3 postulates of natural selection which is not one? a. struggle for existence b. variation in the population c. variation is heritable d. adapt to their environment

adapt to their environment

Which of the following are not one of Darwin's three postulates of natural selection? Struggle for existence Adaptation to environment Variation within population Variation is heritabl

adaptation to environment

Anthropology is the study of: A. the use of language B. humans C. the study of primate behavior D. All of the above

all of the above

Gene flow is best described as: The introduction of genetic material from one population to another The removal of social or physical barriers between populations Increases variations within populations while decreasing variations between populations All of the above

all of the above

Identify Darwin's postulate(s) of evolution. Struggle for existence Variation within populations Variation is heritable All of the above

all of the above

Laws of Heredity includes... a. Law of Segregation b. Law of Independent Assortment c. Law of Dominance d. All the above

all of the above

Through which postulate did Charles Darwin describe his theory of natural selection? A) Struggle for existence B) Variation within population C) Variation is heritable D) All of the above

all of the above

An Allele is _____? A) A strand of DNA found in the nucleus. B) Alternate forms of a gene. C) The basic unit of inheritance. D) None of the above.

alternate forms of a gene

The relationship of a bat wing and a bird wing is one that is _______ because they appear to have come from unrelated ancestors although they serve the same function Inherited Analogous Random Homologous

analogous

Which field of anthropology involves the investigation of cultures prior to written records? Cultural Anthropology Linguistics Biological Anthropology Archaeology

archaeology

Different aspects of biological Anthropology include all of the following except a. Human Variation b. Primatology c. Paleoanthropology d. Archeology

archeology

Which species of primate is considered an old world monkey? A. Baboon B. Gorilla C. Orangutan D. Capuchin

baboon

The study of human biology within the framework of evolution is: A. biological anthropology B. archaeology C. linguistic anthropology D. cultural anthropology

biological anthropology

Which of the following did Gregor Mendel's work on inheritance disprove? Natural selection Particulate inheritance Blended inheritance Independent assortment

blended inheritance

Which of these is an example of Co-Dominance? A. Skin color B. Height C. Blood type D. Eye color

blood type

Who was the founder of the "Classification of Living things"? Christian Thomsen Charles Lyell Carolus Linnaeus John Ray

carolus linnaeus

Who developed the Theory of Evolution? A. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck B. Charles Darwin C. Robert Hook D. James Ussher

charles darwin

Who developed the classification system of taxonomy? Charles Darwin Carolus Linnaeus Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck Christian Thomsen

christian thomsen

What occurs as different populations of an ancestral species become reproductively isolated? Anagenesis Cladogenesis Punctuated equilibria Migration

cladogenesis

Which of the following is not one of the four mechanisms of evolution? A.) Natural Selection B.) Cladogenesis C.) Genetic Drift D.) Mutatio

cladogenesis

James Hutten wrote "theory of the earth" in 1795 he beleived the worl was....? a. a young earth b. was a fixed creation c. created to change d. created to stay the same

created to change

Which of the following is not a principle of natural selection? A) Variation B) Herebility C) Culture D) Different reproduction success

culture

Environmental elements that exhibit traces of human activity are: A.) Artifact B.) Sites C.) Ecofact D.) Features

ecofact

Which of the following divisions of society was not in the Ancient Society? a) Civilization b) Barbarism c) Savagery d) Empire

empire

Which of the following is not a subfield of biological anthropology? Primatology Paleoanthropology Ethnolinguistics Forensic Anthropology

ethnolinguistics

Which of the following are currently still believed to be true? A. Evolution B. Inheritance of Acquired Traits C. Great Chain of Being D. Catastrophism

evolution

in jean baptiste de lamarcks "zoological philosophy" what does he explain? a. first connection between species and environment b. species are fixed the way they are made c. only individuals change d. only the fittest survive

first connection between species and environment

Which of the following was a parallel idea with the idea of a "Young Earth"? Center Gravity Square platelets Molten center Fixed Creation

fixed creation

Which if the following is NOT a goal of cultural anthropology? To aid in solving contemporary problems To document and explain cultural diversity To conduct detailed studies of particular cultures Gain an etic or outsider's view of another culture

gain an etic or outsider's view of another culture

The subfield of archaeology concerned with the study of trash disposal for understanding modern culture and the process of decay is: A. prehistoric archaeology B. underwater archeology C. garbology D. historic archaeology

garbology

According to Root' Bernstein and McEachron, what is one condition that must be met to accept a hypothesis? a. must be contradicted b. must be proven 100 percent correct c. general mechanism must be testable d. cannot be a guess

general mechanism must be testable

The basic unit of inheritance is _______. Cells Chromosomes Genes DNA

genes

A change in allele frequency from one generation to the next is called ________. Genetic drift Genetic flow Gene flow Gene drift

genetic drift

The Bottleneck Effect is a form of which force of evolution: Genetic Drift Mutation Gene Flow Natural Selection

genetic drift

Genotypes are defined as ______. A. Structures evolved from a common ancestor. B. Genetic makeup of an individual. C. Structures with similar functions in unrelated species. D. Physical expressions such as hair or eyes.

genetic makeup of an individual

What is NOT a discipline that studies humans? A) Psychology B) Art C) Philosophy D) Geology

geology

Which of the following is not a part of the Three Age System (1836) by Christian Jurgensen Thomsen? iron gold bronze stone

gold

What makes a primate a primate? a. small brains b. monoscope vision c. walking upright d. Grasping hands and feet

grasping hands and feet

Humans fall into what primate category? A.Greater Apes B.New World Monkeys C.Old World Monkeys D.Lesser Apes

greater apes

Who discovered the fundamentals laws of inheritance? Charles Darwin Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck Gregor Mendel Caralus Linnaeus

gregor mendel

Who was responsible for the Law of Independent Assortment? A. Charles Darwin B. Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck C. Gregor Mendel D. Albert Einstein

gregor mendel

Identify one method of noninvasive data collection Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) Global positioning system (GPS) X-ray fluorescence Test pits

ground-penetrating radar (GPR)

Which of the following is a polygenic trait? blood type dimples freckles height

height

What type of teeth do primates have? pleurdont heterodont thecodont none of the above

heterodont

The approach in modern anthropology to view human biology and behavior together, as a whole, to understand our species is: Integrative Holistic Comparative Relativistic

holistic

Forearms are an example of a(n): Common Trait Ancestor's Trait Derived Trait Homologous Trait

homologous trait

Which of these choices is NOT an aspect of archaeology? A. Underwater Archaeology B. Garbology C. Prehistoric Archaeology D. Human Variation

human variation

Lamarck proposed what idea about evolution? A. natural selection B. taxonomy C. inheritance of acquired characteristics D. mutation

inheritance of acquired characteristics

In Charles Lyell's "principles of geology" in 1830 how can we determine the earth"s age? a. it can not be determined b. it can be determined through geological features such as erosion c. it is determined by human migration, remains, and stories d. it can be determined by evolved species and how much they have evolved

it can be determined through geological features such as erosion

Which of the following is not a criteria used when defining a scientific theory? It is simple It is correctable It is testable It is believed by a majority of the scientific community

it is believed by a majority of the scientific community

What does Genetic drift refer to? It refers to the effect of random events on the gene pool of a small population. It refers to the introduction of new variants of genes from nearby populations which distributes new variation to all populations and prevent speciation. It refers to the evolutionary force involved in adaptive change. It refers to the ultimate source of genetic variation.

it refers to the effect of random events on the gene pool of a small population

Who was the founder of the "Zoological Philosophy" in 1809? A.) Charles Darwin B.) Caralus Linnaeus C.) Charles Lyell D.) Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck

jean-baptiste de lamarck

Who coined the idea that the Earth was young because catastrophes and natural disasters were set by God? a) William Smith b) John Ray c) James Hutton d) Boucher de Perthes

john ray

___'s Inheritance of acquired traits favored change in the individual, while _____'s theory of natural selection favored change in the population. A) Lamarck, Darwin B) Darwin, Lamarck C) Linnaeus, Darwin D) Lamarck, Linnaeus

lamarck, darwin

Which scale of evolution can create new species? A. Anagenesis B. Microevolution C. Photosynthesis D. Macroevolution

macroevolution

__________ changes over longer periods of time and results in speciation. A.Microevolution B.Gene Flow C.Macroevolution D.Mutation

macroevolution

Which of the following is not a part of the four-field approach? Cultural anthropology Biological anthropology Medical anthropology Linguistics

medical anthropology

Which force of evolution is the ONLY source of NEW genetic material? A. Mutation B. Gene Flow C. Genetic Drift D. Natural Selection

mutation

Which of the following forces of evolution introduces new genetic material? a) Mutation b) Gene Flow c) Genetic Drift d) Natural Selection

mutation

Which of the following is true about mutations? A) Mutation can only be neutral or negative B) Mutations are random C) Both (A) and (B) D) None of the above

mutations are random

Which of these choices is NOT a fixed stage of human development? A. Barbarism B. Civilization C. Neanderthal D. Savagery

neanderthal

Evolution a. proves humans are the greatest species of all b. occurs from genetic drift, mutation, gene flow and natural selection c. is affected strictly by survival of the fittest d. is incompatible with faith

occurs from genetic drift, mutation, gene flow and natural selection

The Linnaean system classifies species according to what? Genetic Relatedness Physical Similarities Chromosomes Allele

physical similarities

What are two or more genes contributing to the phenotypic expression of a single characteristic called? Recessive Gene pool Mutation Polygenetic Inheritance

polygenetic inheritance

A ________ trait is considered non-mendelian because their alleles are located on more than one gene which allows for more alleles and phenotypes. Genetic Mutated Polygenic Abnormal

polygenic

Which one of the following is NOT one of the four fields of Anthropology? A) Linguistics B) Cultural C) Biological D) Primates

primates

Which of these is NOT one of the major reasons for evolution? Genetic Drift Natural Selection Radioactivity Gene Flow

radioactivity

Natural Selection is measured in terms of A.) Gene Pool B.) Phenotype C.) Reproductive success D.) Genotype

reproductive success

Natural Selection is measured in terms of: A.) Gene Pool B.) Phenotype C.) Reproductive success D.) Genotype

reproductive success

Which of the following is not a characteristic of primates? A) Opposable thumbs B) Elongated limbs C) Side - facing eyes D) fingernails

side facing eyes

Anthropology is a four-field approach. Which of the following is not considered one of the four? A. cultural anthropology B. archaeology C. linguistics D. sociology

sociology

In Darwin's theory of natural selection, a. species struggle for existence b. this can be studied on human beings c. proves humans evolved from primates d. creates reproductive successful individuals that are the same

species struggle for existence

Homologies are... a. Structures evolved from a common ancestor b. Structures with similar function in unrelated organisms c. Structures formed through natural selection d. None of the above

structures evolved from a common ancestor

What is a homologous function in a living thing? A) Forms of inherited traits. B) Structures with similar function in unrelated organisms. C) Forms of acquired traits. D) Structures evolved from a common ancestor

structures evolved from a common ancestor

Paleoanthropology is the: A) study of the evolution and behavior of nonhuman primates B) study of evolution and behavior of human ancestors C) examination of biological differences within human population D) study of human biology within the framework of evolution

study of evolution and behavior of human ancestors

All are characteristics of mammals except: A. endothermic B. long gestation and live birth C. body hair D. teeth of all the same kind

teeth of all the same kind

A scientific theory must be a. logical b. thoughtful c. testable d. tangible

testable

What is anthropology linguistics? The study of contemporary cultures. The study of animal domestication. The study of human speech and language. The study of disease in ancient populations.

the study of human speech and language

What is Anthropology? study of the evolution and behavior on non-human primates The human past through material remains Investigations of cultures from underwater artifacts and fossils The study of humanity

the study of humanity

What is anthropology? The study of humans. The study of animals. The study of old pottery. The study of bones

the study of humans

An example of an analogous structure is... the forelimbs of animals such as bats and humans lactose tolerance the wings of birds and insects giraffes' necks

the wings of birds and insects

Which of the following is NOT one of Darwin's 3 postulates of natural selection? Trait inheritance Struggle for existence Variation within populations Variation is heritable

trait inheritance

You must be homozygous (have two of the same alleles) in order to have this recessive blood type: Type A Blood Type B Blood Type AB Blood Type O Blood

type O Blood

Which of the following is an example of an analogous trait? Forelimbs Leaves Pelvis Wings

wings