Anti infectives
A client is receiving tenofovir as part of a therapy regimen for HIV infection. The nurse should provide what teaching related to what the client may experience?
"It's possible you might have changes in body fat distribution."
Place the stages of the replication cycle of a virus in the correct order.
1.Virus adheres to host cell surface 2. Virus enters host cell by pinocytosis 3.Virus sheds its coat 4.Viral nucleic acids replicate 5.Synthesis of viral protein capsid 6.Assembly of new virions and Host cell dies releasing virus to move to other cells
A client comes to the health care facility reporting flulike symptoms. After a thorough assessment, the client is diagnosed with influenza and is to receive oseltamivir. The nurse understands that this drug has been prescribed because the client been symptomatic for less than:
2 days
What does acyclovir do and not do?
Acyclovir decreases viral shedding as well as the duration of skin lesions and pain. Acyclovir does not eliminate inactive virus in the body and thus does not prevent recurrence of the disease unless oral drug therapy is continued. It does not prevent the spread of the disease. There are comparatively few adverse effects of acyclovir.
An adolescent client was bitten by a dog, and inflammation took place at the site of the injury. During the process of opsonization, what physiologic event occurred?
Antigens were coated, marking them for phagocytosis.
A patient with AIDS is being prepared for discharge. The nurse caring for the patient with AIDS knows the patient receives Agenerase. What dietary counseling will the nurse provide based upon the patient's medication regimen?
Avoid high-fat meals while taking this medication
Which drug is a first-generation cephalosporin used as a surgical prophylaxis?
Cefazolin is a first-generation cephalosporin. Cefotetan and cefoxitin belong to the second generation, and ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin.
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking acyclovir. What is likely to be a priority nursing diagnoses for this client?
Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than body requirements related to drug adverse effects
adverse effect of isoniazid?
Jaundice; hepatic impairment
Michael, 25 years old, has had mitral valve regurgitation since age four, after having rheumatic fever. Michael is planning to go to his dentist to have his teeth cleaned. Because of Michael's history he will need to take antibiotics in conjunction with this procedure to prevent bacteremia. Which class of antibiotics will Michael most likely receive if he has no allergies?
Penicillin G may also be used as prophylaxis in special patient populations to prevent bacterial endocarditis prior to procedures likely to produce temporary bacteremia, such as dental procedures. These patients include those with prosthetic heart valves, mitral valve prolapse, most congenital heart diseases, and acquired valvular heart disease. It may also be used as prophylaxis in patients with recurrent rheumatic fever or rheumatic heart disease.
A HIV-positive patient is being treated with didanosine as part of the antiretroviral therapy. Which of the following symptoms should the nurse monitor for and immediately report to the care provider?
Peripheral neuropathy
When administering the fusion protein inhibitor enfuvirtide, the nurse should include which technique to assure the medication's continued effectiveness?
Regularly rotate the subcutaneous injection sites that are used.
The student nurse has learned that HIV is a retrovirus. Reverse transcriptase is the enzyme it contains. The student understands this enzyme when making which statement?
Reverse transcriptase is used to turn the RNA of the virus into DNA.
The nurse is caring for a child with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Which drug should the nurse expect the pediatrician to order?
Ribavirin: Ribavirin is indicated for the treatment of influenza A infections and RSV infection in children.
A client has been on an antibiotic for two weeks for treatment of an infection. The client asks the nurse why a superinfection has been caused by this medication. What is the nurse's best response?
Superinfections are caused when the antibiotic destroys the normal flora within the body and a secondary infection occurs. The infection is caused by a different bacterial or fungal infection.
A nurse works in a community setting and follows clients who have TB. Which clients would likely require the most follow-up from rifampin therapy?
The nurse should pay special attention to the HIV-positive client because this client will require rifampin therapy for a longer period of time than the other clients. An HIV-positive person is immunocompromised, and it will take longer to fight the infection. This could increase the difficulty of adherence to the drug regimen. In addition, many of the drugs used to treat HIV are contraindicated in clients who take rifampin. Rifampin can be safely administered to nursing mothers, those with cancer, and people over 65 given certain conditions. However, their therapy should not be longer than normally required unless complications occur.
The client is receiving ketoconazole. The nurse should be concerned about a drug-drug interaction on the basis of what other co-morbidity?
Type 2 diabetes
What do aminoglycosides treat?
active against aerobic, gram-negative bacteria and act synergistically against certain gram-positive organisms.
A client is diagnosed with an infection attributable to the gram-negative microorganism Pseudomonas. Which anti-infective agent is most reliable in treating this microorganism?
aminoglycoside
Zanamivir
approved for treatment and prevention of uncomplicated influenza infections in adults and children over age 7 years who have been symptomatic for less than 2 days.
What do aminopenicillins treat?
effective against most gram-positive bacterial infections and gram-negative infections such as E.coli and H.influenza. They are used to treat upper and lower respiratory tract infections, endocarditis urinary tract infections, skin infections, and so on.
Locally active antiviral agents can be applied to open lesions.
false
An adult client has begun treatment with fluconazole. The nurse should recognize the need to likely discontinue the drug if the client develops which sign or symptom?
jaundice
Rimantadine
used to treat and prevent influenza A infections
common adverse effect of cephelosporin?
vomiting and diarrhea
