AP BIO Chapter 14 quiz

The following question refers to the simple metabolic pathway in the figure.According to Beadle and Tatum's hypothesis, how many genes are necessary for this pathway?

2

A possible sequence of nucleotides in the template strand of DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence Phe-Leu-Ile-Val would be

3' AAA-GAA-TAA-CAA 5'.

A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5' AGT 3'. The corresponding codon for the mRNA transcribed is

3' UCA 5'.

Which of these is currently considered the best definition of a gene?

A gene codes for either a polypeptide or an RNA molecule.

The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume which of the following?

A gene from an organism can theoretically be expressed by any other organism.

Which of the following does not occur in prokaryotic gene expression, but does occur in eukaryotic gene expression?

A poly-A tail is added to the 3' end of an mRNA and a cap is added to the 5' end.

The nitrogenous base adenine is found in all members of which group?

ATP, RNA, and DNA

How is translation initiated?

All of the above.

A part of the promoter, called the TATA box, is said to be highly conserved in evolution. Which of the following might this illustrate?

Any mutation in the sequence is selected against.

Which of the following provides some evidence that RNA probably evolved before DNA?

DNA polymerase uses primer, usually made of RNA.

A transfer RNA (#1) attached to the amino acid lysine enters the ribosome. The lysine binds to the growing polypeptide on the other tRNA (#2) already in the ribosome.Where does tRNA #2 move to after this bonding of lysine to the polypeptide?

E site

Which one of the following is true of tRNAs?

Each tRNA binds a particular amino acid

Which of the following best describes the significance of the TATA box in eukaryotic promoters?

It is the recognition site for a specific transcription factor.

Which of the following molecules are produced by transcription?

Messenger RNA, Ribozymes

The tRNA shown in the figure has its 3' end projecting beyond its 5' end. What will occur at this 3' end?

The amino acid binds covalently.

In comparing DNA replication with RNA transcription in the same cell, which of the following is true only of replication?

The entire template molecule is represented in the product.

The template strand of a gene contains this sequence: 3'-TAC TAG GCT AGT TGA-5'. A mutation occurs that changes the gene sequence to 3'-TAC TAG ACT AGT TGA-5'. How does this mutation affect the resulting amino acid sequence?

The mutation introduces a stop codon.

the figure represents tRNA that recognizes and binds a particular amino acid (in this instance, phenylalanine). Which codon on the mRNA strand codes for this amino acid?

UUC

A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is AAA. The anticodon on the tRNA that binds the mRNA codon is

UUU.

Of the following, which is the most current description of a gene?

a DNA sequence that is expressed to form a functional product: either RNA or polypeptide

Which small-scale mutation would be most likely to have a catastrophic effect on the functioning of a protein?

a base deletion near the start of a gene

What is a ribozyme?

a biological catalyst made of RNA

Alternative RNA splicing

can allow the production of proteins of different sizes and functions from a single mRNA.

A frameshift mutation could result from

either an insertion or a deletion of a base.

The flow of information in a cell proceeds in what sequence?

from DNA to RNA to protein

What type of bonding is responsible for maintaining the shape of the tRNA molecule in the figure?

hydrogen bonding between base pairs

After an RNA molecule is transcribed from a eukaryotic gene, what are removed and what are spliced together to produce an mRNA molecule with a continuous coding sequence?

introns ... exons

What amino acid sequence will be generated, based on the following mRNA codon sequence?5' AUG-UCU-UCG-UUA-UCC-UUG 3'

met-ser-ser-leu-ser-leu

Transcription in eukaryotes requires which of the following in addition to RNA polymerase?

several transcription factors

There are 61 mRNA codons that specify an amino acid, but only 45 tRNAs. This is best explained by the fact that

the rules for base pairing between the third base of a codon and tRNA are flexible.

A codon consists of _____ bases and specifies which _____ will be inserted into the polypeptide chain.

three ... amino acid