Chapter 32: The Digestive System
What is the medical term for varicose veins of the rectum or anus?
Hemorrhoids
The condition caused by a portion of the stomach protruding through a hole or weakness in the diaphragm is called a ______ hernia.
hiatal
A(n) ______ occurs when the stomach is pushed through the esophageal hiatus into the thoracic cavity.
hiatal hernia
Hemorrhoids are
varicose veins of the rectal or anal area.
Which of the following are characteristics of Crohn's disease?
A disease of the autoimmune system Fever Abdominal pain
Peptidases are
enzymes that digest proteins.
The opening in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes is the
esophageal hiatus.
Diets high in ______ decrease the incidence of colon diseases such as cancer by increasing water absorption and bulk and enhancing emptying of the colon.
fiber
The appendix is located in the
right lower quadrant.
The lining of the stomach contains folds called
rugae.
Which of the following terms relate to the mouth?
salivary saliva sublingual lingual buccal
The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum are ______ of the small intestine.
segments
Breakdown of the lining of the stomach is called a stomach
ulcer.
Colorectal cancer is a(n)
malignancy of the lining of the colon or rectum.
Which of the following is a structure that does not have a known purpose or function?
Appendix
Which of the following involves hard deposits of cholesterol or bilirubin frequently triggered by diabetes, cirrhosis, and other medical conditions?
Cholelithiasis
What is inflammation of the organ that produces the enzymes responsible for the digestion of fats, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins?
Pancreatitis
In which order are the structures from the descending colon to the anus?
Sigmoid colon, rectum, anus
Which form of cancer is more prevalent in individuals of Japanese, Chilean, or Icelandic decent?
Stomach
What is the function of the gallbladder?
Storage of bile
Which of the following are characteristics of inguinal hernias?
Surgery must be performed to push the large intestine back into the abdominal cavity. Signs and symptoms include pain on standing straight. Signs and symptoms include a lump in the groin or scrotum. In males, the inguinal hernia may protrude into the scrotum.
Which of the following are considered accessory organs of the digestive system?
Teeth Liver Pancreas Tongue Salivary glands gallbladder
Which of the following are characteristics of stomach ulcers?
They can be caused by H. pylori bacteria. Prevention includes stopping smoking and avoiding certain foods. They can be caused by smoking, alcohol, and excessive aspirin use. The diagnosis is confirmed by an upper endoscopy. Signs and symptoms include nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and weight loss.
Which of the following pertain to the large intestine?
Transverse colon Rectum Descending colon Ascending colon Sigmoid colon Cecum Vermiform appendix
Which of the following are characteristics of hemorrhoids?
Treatment involves avoiding constipation and increasing dietary fiber. They are varicose veins of the rectal or anal area. Itching, pain, and bright red blood may be visible on the external stool.
The ______ cavity is named for the cheek and is where food is taken in and reduced in size by mastication.
buccal
The ______ sphincter is also known as the esophageal sphincter and controls the movement of food into the stomach.
cardiac
The common bile duct
carries bile to the duodenum.
Mucous, chief, and parietal are stomach ______ involved in secreting products to assist in the chemical digestion process.
cells
Digestion is the
chemical and mechanical breakdown of foods to a form that the body can absorb.
A malignancy of the lining of the colon or rectum is termed ______ cancer.
colorectal
The epiglottis
covers the opening of the larynx to prevent food from entering
Feces are propelled through the large intestine by peristalsis, and the movement of the mass triggers the ______ reflex to allow the feces to be eliminated through the anus.
defecation
The ______ is a saclike structure, located inferior to the liver, that stores bile.
gallbladder
The medical term for "pertaining to the stomach" is
gastric.
Inflammation of the stomach lining is known as
gastritis.
Diverticulitis is the _____ of diverticuli in the intestine.
inflammation
The ______ aids in digestion and is a very large organ in the right upper abdominal quadrant.
liver
The ______ is behind the stomach; it produces various enzymes to assist in the digestion of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
pancreas
The accessory organs that aid in chemical digestion of food are
pancreas liver. salivary glands. gallbladder.
Which of the following are enzymes that digest proteins?
peptidases
The smooth muscle in the wall of the alimentary canal can contract and produce
peristalsis and churning.
The ______ assists in breathing through the nose and pushing food through the esophagus.
pharynx
A person goes shopping on an empty stomach. The person purchases more groceries than intended, then remembers the smells of the food samples being passed out at the store, which must have persuaded the shopper to purchase items not on the shopping list, because
the person's parasympathetic nervous system simulated the gastric glands to secrete gastrin, causing hunger pangs.
Anchored to the floor of the oral cavity by the lingual frenulum, the ______ is made up mostly of skeletal muscles.
tongue
The function of the ________ is to mix food and hold it against the teeth.
tongue