Chapter 32: The Digestive System

What is the medical term for varicose veins of the rectum or anus?

Hemorrhoids

The condition caused by a portion of the stomach protruding through a hole or weakness in the diaphragm is called a ______ hernia.

hiatal

A(n) ______ occurs when the stomach is pushed through the esophageal hiatus into the thoracic cavity.

hiatal hernia

Hemorrhoids are

varicose veins of the rectal or anal area.

Which of the following are characteristics of Crohn's disease?

A disease of the autoimmune system Fever Abdominal pain

Peptidases are

enzymes that digest proteins.

The opening in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes is the

esophageal hiatus.

Diets high in ______ decrease the incidence of colon diseases such as cancer by increasing water absorption and bulk and enhancing emptying of the colon.

fiber

The appendix is located in the

right lower quadrant.

The lining of the stomach contains folds called

rugae.

Which of the following terms relate to the mouth?

salivary saliva sublingual lingual buccal

The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum are ______ of the small intestine.

segments

Breakdown of the lining of the stomach is called a stomach

ulcer.

Colorectal cancer is a(n)

malignancy of the lining of the colon or rectum.

Which of the following is a structure that does not have a known purpose or function?

Appendix

Which of the following involves hard deposits of cholesterol or bilirubin frequently triggered by diabetes, cirrhosis, and other medical conditions?

Cholelithiasis

What is inflammation of the organ that produces the enzymes responsible for the digestion of fats, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins?

Pancreatitis

In which order are the structures from the descending colon to the anus?

Sigmoid colon, rectum, anus

Which form of cancer is more prevalent in individuals of Japanese, Chilean, or Icelandic decent?

Stomach

What is the function of the gallbladder?

Storage of bile

Which of the following are characteristics of inguinal hernias?

Surgery must be performed to push the large intestine back into the abdominal cavity. Signs and symptoms include pain on standing straight. Signs and symptoms include a lump in the groin or scrotum. In males, the inguinal hernia may protrude into the scrotum.

Which of the following are considered accessory organs of the digestive system?

Teeth Liver Pancreas Tongue Salivary glands gallbladder

Which of the following are characteristics of stomach ulcers?

They can be caused by H. pylori bacteria. Prevention includes stopping smoking and avoiding certain foods. They can be caused by smoking, alcohol, and excessive aspirin use. The diagnosis is confirmed by an upper endoscopy. Signs and symptoms include nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and weight loss.

Which of the following pertain to the large intestine?

Transverse colon Rectum Descending colon Ascending colon Sigmoid colon Cecum Vermiform appendix

Which of the following are characteristics of hemorrhoids?

Treatment involves avoiding constipation and increasing dietary fiber. They are varicose veins of the rectal or anal area. Itching, pain, and bright red blood may be visible on the external stool.

The ______ cavity is named for the cheek and is where food is taken in and reduced in size by mastication.

buccal

The ______ sphincter is also known as the esophageal sphincter and controls the movement of food into the stomach.

cardiac

The common bile duct

carries bile to the duodenum.

Mucous, chief, and parietal are stomach ______ involved in secreting products to assist in the chemical digestion process.

cells

Digestion is the

chemical and mechanical breakdown of foods to a form that the body can absorb.

A malignancy of the lining of the colon or rectum is termed ______ cancer.

colorectal

The epiglottis

covers the opening of the larynx to prevent food from entering

Feces are propelled through the large intestine by peristalsis, and the movement of the mass triggers the ______ reflex to allow the feces to be eliminated through the anus.

defecation

The ______ is a saclike structure, located inferior to the liver, that stores bile.

gallbladder

The medical term for "pertaining to the stomach" is

gastric.

Inflammation of the stomach lining is known as

gastritis.

Diverticulitis is the _____ of diverticuli in the intestine.

inflammation

The ______ aids in digestion and is a very large organ in the right upper abdominal quadrant.

liver

The ______ is behind the stomach; it produces various enzymes to assist in the digestion of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.

pancreas

The accessory organs that aid in chemical digestion of food are

pancreas liver. salivary glands. gallbladder.

Which of the following are enzymes that digest proteins?

peptidases

The smooth muscle in the wall of the alimentary canal can contract and produce

peristalsis and churning.

The ______ assists in breathing through the nose and pushing food through the esophagus.

pharynx

A person goes shopping on an empty stomach. The person purchases more groceries than intended, then remembers the smells of the food samples being passed out at the store, which must have persuaded the shopper to purchase items not on the shopping list, because

the person's parasympathetic nervous system simulated the gastric glands to secrete gastrin, causing hunger pangs.

Anchored to the floor of the oral cavity by the lingual frenulum, the ______ is made up mostly of skeletal muscles.

tongue

The function of the ________ is to mix food and hold it against the teeth.

tongue