AP Bio Exam Review: Part 3: Quiz

D

binding inhibitor y inhibits a key catalytic enzyme by inducing a structural conformation change. which of the following accurately describes the role of inhibitor y? a) inhibitor y competes with substrates for binding in the active site and functions as a competitive inhibitor b) inhibitor y binds allosterically and functions as a noncompetitive inhibitor c) inhibitor y competes with substrates for binding in the active site and functions as a noncompetitive inhibitor d) inhibitor y binds allosterically and functions as a non-competitive inhibitor

B

glycolysis does not require oxygen to occur in cells. however, under anaerobic conditions, glycolysis normally requires fermentation pathways to occur to continue to produce ATP. which best describes why glycolysis is dependent on fermentation under anaerobic conditions? a) glycolysis requires fermentation to produce more glucose as a substrate b) glycolysis requires fermentation to synthesize lactic acid and restore NADH to NAD+ c) glycolysis requires fermentation to generate ATP molecules to complete the early steps of the pathway d) glycolysis requires fermentation to generate pyruvate for a later step in the pathway

B

glycolysis is a critical metabolic pathway that is utilized by nearly all forms of life. the process of glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and converts 1 molecule of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid. how many net ATP would be generated directly from glycolysis from the breakdown of 2 glucose molecules? a) 2 b) 4 c) 8 d) 12

B

taq polymerase, a DNA polymerase derived from thermophilic bacteria, is used in polymerase chain reactions (PCR) in the laboratory. during PCR, taq catalyzes DNA polymerization, similar to how it would in bacteria. a normal PCR cycle is as follows: 1. melting/denaturing (95 degrees) 2. primer annealing (50 degrees) 3. elongation of DNA (72 degrees) which of the following conditions likely describes the living environment of taq bacteria? a) freshwater with acidic pH b) hydrothermal vents reaching temperatures between 70-75 degrees c) hot springs of 40 degrees d) tide pools with high salinity

D

the biggest difference between an enzyme-catalyzed reaction and an uncatalyzed reaction is a) the free energy between the reactants and the products b) the free energy difference between the reactants and the products does not change c) the catalyzed reaction would not occur without the enzyme d) the energy required to reach the transition state of the reaction

B

the mitochondrion is a critical organelle structure involved in cellular respiration. which of the structural components in the mitochondrion is the primary location of the krebs cycle? a) inner membrane b) matrix c) intermembrane space d) outer membrane

D

the second law of thermodynamics states that entropy, or disorder, is constantly increasing in the universe for spontaneous processes. therefore, how is it possible that organisms exist in ordered states? a) the second law of thermodynamics does not apply to biological life b) energy can be created or destroyed c) the catabolic reactions are always equal and opposite of the anabolic reactions. d) biological life creates an increase in entropy through dissemination of heat and waste

B

two groups of cells are grown under identical conditions. mitochondria from each group were isolated and placed in a low pH (6.8) and small molecules were allowed to diffuse across the outer membrane via facilitated diffusion. both samples were exposed to oxygen bubbles through the growth media. what would you expect to see in terms of ATP production in the sample of cells placed in a low pH, with respect to the control population? a) ATP production decreases b) ATP production increases c) ATP production stays the same d) ATP initially increases, then decreases

B

which of the following most accurately describes the net reaction of glycolysis? a) it is an endergonic process because it results in a net increase in energy b) it is an exergonic process because it results in a net increase in energy c) it is an endergonic process because it results in a net decrease in energy d) it is an exergonic process because it results in a net decrease in energy