AP Bio Final

Which of the following claims is most consistent with the observed butterfly behavior?

Butterflies that express two variants of the enzyme two variants of the enzyme are active over a greater range of temperature.

If the two finch populations are each in Hardy Weinberg equalibrium and are isolated from each other, then which of the following graphs correctly displays the relative genotype frequencies.

C

Epinephrine is a protein hormone found in many animals. Epinephrine stimulates a signiling pathway that results in the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver cells. Which of the following describes the initial steps in the process whereby epinephrine stimulates glycogen breakdown?

Epinephrine binds to a cell surface receptor the activated receptor the activated receptor stimulates production of the second messenger, cAMP.

To investigate whether an organism in the study is capable of both photosynthesis and respiration a comparison of which treatment groups is most appropriate

1 and 2

The average brood size per mated individual upon reintroduction of food following 30 days of ARD is closest to which of the following?

50

Which of the following representations of the movement of calcium, sodium, and potassium ions best shows how an action potential is transmitted to the postsynaptic neuron?

A

Sickle cell anemia is associated with a mutation in the gene encoding the beta summit of hemoglobin that results in a change from glutamic acid to valine at position 6. All other amino acids are identical to a normal hemoglobin molecule. Based on the information above, which of the following mutations is the most likely cause of sickle-cell anemia?

A single base pair substitution in the gene encoding the beta subunit.

Which of the following best explains why GFP might exhibit a green bright flurocense in alkaline condition but not acidic condition?

Addition of H+ of GFP at acidic pH changes the shape of the protein.

Mitochondria are found in most eukaryotic cells and contain their own DNA and ribosomes that are similar to those typical of many prokaryotic cells. Which of the following statements is justified by these observations?

An ancestral cell most likely engulfed an aerobic prokaryote in a relationship that proved beneficial for both cells.

Which of the following graphs is the most appropriate representation f the experimental results documented in the table?

B the bar graph

Which of the following is the most likely mechanism by which the S. pyogenes acquired the ability produce the exotoxins?

Bacteriophage DNA became integrated in the bacterial chromosome.

Which of the following is the best presiction of how the new disease will affect the two population?

C. The smaller population will be more affected than will the larger population, because, because the smaller population has less genetic variation than the larger population has.

Based on the model, which of the following describes the most likely mechanism ny which CDK5 regulates neurotransmitters release?

CDK5 alters the activity of other proteins involved in the movement of synaptic vesicles to the plasma membrane.

The graph above represents the number of individuals in a population of wolves and in a population of moose observed in the same isolated geographic area over a 40 year period, from 1955 through 1995. Which of the following statements about 2 populations is best supported by the information presented on the graph?

D. The wolves were predators of the moose, which were otherwise reproductively successful.

Previous experiments indicate that CDK5 is active only when attached to a protein called p35 might play a role in regulating neuron function?

Dehydration of p35 results in increased synaptic activity.

Based on the model, which of the following best explains how regulation of neurotransmitter release might increase the range of responses to a stimulus in the nervous system?

Different neurons in the same neural network can release different amounts of neurotransmitters.

The results for treatment groups v and vi could suggest which of the following questions about the design of the experiment?

Does the aquarium water contain living microorganisms?

Based on the model, which of the following best explains why Albright green fluorescence was observed following stimulation of a pre synaptic neuron

GFP contained in synaptic vesicles moved into the synaptic chest by exoxytosis.

Which of the following is the most reliable conclusion that can be drawn from analysis of the data above?

Genetic drift has occurred in population 1.

The hydrolytic enzymes are most likely to accumulate in which of the following cellular structures?

Golgi complex

Which of the following statements accurately uses the information presented to support the hypothesis that interruption of m function in a single body can result in cancer?

Growth factor signaling can trigger mitosis in cells that are direct contact with other cells

Based on the model of speciation presented, which of the following describes the most likely consequence to the populations over time?

Hybrid individuals are less likely to pass their genetic information on to subsequent generations.

Which of the following questions would be most appropriate to investigate whether the proteokytic enzymes are evolutionary considered among species?

If a proteolytic enzyme from one species is incubated with a precursor protein from another species, does correct clevage species?

A man with high cholesterol levels is about to marry a woman whose total cholesterol levels are also higher than average. A physician has suggested they get tested for the HC allele. Which of the following is a valid ethical question concerning the test?

If both have the allele for HC should the an insurance company raise their rates because of the results of the tests.

Which of the following modifications to the experimental design will best help reduce the standard errors of the means?

Increasing the sample of size of each treatment group.

Which of the following observations best supports the hypothesis that CDK 5 negatively regulates neurotransmitter release?

Inhibition of CDK5 activity in neurons increases the movement of synaptic vesicles to the plasma membrane in response to a specicfic stimulus.

In separate investigation, individual Mice from two populations that in nature are geographically isolated from each other are mated in the laboratory. The hybrid offspring were then mated with individuals from each other are mated with individuals from either f the original populations. Only the female hybrid offspring were fertile. The experimental results are most consistent with which of stages that are decipted in the model?

Intermediate stage.

The pedigree suggests that the gene is on a nuclear chromosome and not on mitochondrial DNA because

Maternal mitochondrial mutations are inherited by all of mothers offspring.

Which of the following best describes the reproductive ability of C. Elegant following the ARD induced in the first experiment?

Mating with a well fed male consistently produced more off spring than did reproduction via self fertilization.

Based on the universal genetic code, which of the following represents the correct polypeptide that will result from translation of the MRNA molecule shown, beginning with the first available start colon?

Met Val Thr Lys Phe Gly His

If a dam is built downstream and prevents salmon migration to the test sites, which of the following most accurately predicts the impact on nitrogen influx?

Nitrogen influx will decrease because there will be less bear-salmon interaction.

In a species of cactus, the number of spines on a plant is genetically determined. The graph above shows frequency distribution for populations of cactus species growing in the precense or abcense of two herbivores: peccaries and wasp larve. Which of the following best accounts for the different frequency distributions in the graph?

Peccaries eat cacti with a smaller number of spines and wasp larvae eat cacti with a greater number of spines.

The p53 protein regulates a cellular response to DNA damage. Based on the diagram above,which of the following est describes the role of p53 in response to DNA damage?

Phosphorylated p53 stimulates transcription of p21 and the resulting p21 protein resulting p21 suppresses cell division until the DNA damage is repaired.

Based on the information presented, which of the following will also occur in response to steroid signaling?

Production of a specific MRNA will increase as a result of the binding of the hormone receptor complex to DNA.

Which of the following represents a cross between a white eyed female and a red eyed male?

RrX^tX^t x RrX^tY

Which of the following best describes the reason for excluding hybrid males when calculating the allele frequencies of two interbreeding populations at the intermediate stage of speciation?

Sterile individuals make no genetic contribution to the next generation.

Using the model of speciation and applying it to a different population, which of the following outcomes is most consistent for a different species in which the males are homogametic and the females are heterogamatic?

Sterility would appear in a females before appearing in males.

Based on experimental results, which of the following is the best evolutionary explanation for the occurrence of ARD IN c.eleganus?

The ability to enter ARD provides a strong selective advantage because reproduction can occur despite periods of food scarcity.

The data above represents the results of three different crosses involving the inheritance of a gene that determines whether an organism is blue or white. Which of the following best explains the mechanism of inheritance of the gene?

The allele for blue is an X linked dominant allele because there are no blue male offspring in cross 2.

The students concluded that pea plants grew better in composts than melon plants. Which of the following best adressses the validity of the conclusions made by the students?

The conclusion is invalid because other variables in the experiment(both biotic and abiotic) affected the results.

Which of the following pieces of additional data would help further investigate the relationship between bears, salmon and influx of nitrogen into the local environment?

The experimenters should remove the remains of salmon carcasses immediately after the salmon are eaten by the bears and determine the nitrogen content of the carcasses.

In Dosophilia melanogaster the allel for wild type tan body color (B) is dominant to a recessive allele for black body color(b). Similarly the allele for wild type wing shape (V) is dominant to the recessive allele for vestigial wing phenotype (v). In the cross diagrammed above, the expected and observed results are shown. Which of the following best explains the observed results of the cross.

The genes for body color and wing shape are located close to each other on the same chromosome.

Which of the following statements is most consistent with the data in the table?

The kidneys of reptiles and birds are highly efficient because little water is needed to excrete Uric acid.

Which of the following observations provides the best evidence that photosynthesis occurred in treatment group 1?

The mean ph of the samples increased after one hour.

Which of the following is the most appropriate factor to use as the dependent variable in the experimental investigation?

The moment of metabolic wastes in the water where the fish are being raised.

Which of the following statements best justifies the claim that the conditions in at least one of the experiments could generate the molecular building block essential for life?

The nitrogen gas and ammonia gas in experiment 1 could provide the elemental nitrogen required for the formation of amino acids.

Which of the following conclusions is most consistent with the data shown in figure 2?

The number of days an animal spends in ARD does not significantly affect its time of survival after reintroduction of food.

Which of the following statements is best supported by the data?

The presence of black bears and salmon correlates with a significant increase in nitrogen influx.

As depicted in the diagram, honeybees communicate the location of flower patches to members their hives with waggle dances that give information about the direction and distance to the flowers. Which of the following statements about how honeybees communicate the position of flower patches is most consistent with the model?

The total area covered by any waggle dances leads bees to the target flowers.

Which of the following most likely describes how the interaction between bears and salmon influences nitrogen dynamics in the enviorment?

When bears consume salad they leave parts of the carcass on the ground which decompose, releasing nitrogen in the environment.

Which of the following scientific questions is most relevant to the model represented in the figure above?

Which molecular substance is actively transported across a plasma membrane.

In the year 2000, specimens of Caulepra taxifloia, a green alga used in tropical aquariums, were found coast of California. Native to the Indian Ocean C.taxifolia is known for aggressive growth and an ability to compete with sea grasses. It is currently on an international list of invasive species. Which of the following best predicts the consequences of the introduction of C.taxifolia?

Without natural herbivores or competitors C.taxifolia will grow rapidly and crowd out native species of producers.