AP classroom

Researchers want to study the effects of teratogens. They should conduct an experiment using pregnant rats correlational research on an adolescent rat and a prenatal rat's exposure to teratogens an experiment on adolescent rats an experiment using pregnant humans correlational research on an infant's exposure to teratogens and the developmental delays the infant experiences

B. correlational research on an adolescent rat and a prenatal rat's exposure to teratogenscorrelational research on an adolescent rat and a prenatal rat's exposure to teratogens

Jaime, a six month old, is fussy and does not transition well between situations. According to Alexander Thomas and Stella Chess, this behavior is part of Jaime's attachment style temperament cognitive development physical development external locus of control

B. temperament

Shamir wants to be a doctor like both of his parents when he gets older. He never thought of doing anything else. Which of the following best explains Shamir's decision? He has not fully developed his identity. His parents have a permissive parenting style, which has left him with an underdeveloped identity. He is in a moratorium state of identity. He is identity foreclosed. He is in a state of identity diffusion.

B. His parents have a permissive parenting style, which has left him with an underdeveloped identity.

Mr. and Mrs. Stanley are very strict with their children. They do not spend a lot of time talking with them, except to tell them what to do. Which of the following theorists would be most likely to study this type of parenting behavior? Albert Bandura Konrad Lorenz Harry Harlow Mary Ainsworth Diana Baumrind

E. Diana Baumrind

Bobby is seventeen and has been engaging in risky behaviors, such as reckless driving, skipping class, and breaking curfew. Which of the following is an explanation for Bobby's actions that most psychologists support? Bobby is still developing new neural connections in his brain. Bobby is rebelling against his peers because he feels left out. Bobby's temperament makes him prone to risk-taking behavior. Bobby's parents have an authoritative parenting style. Bobby is depressed, as most adolescents are.

A. Bobby is still developing new neural connections in his brain.

Which of the following is true about gender roles in children? Children often develop traditional gender roles despite parents discouragement of such roles. Children are often confused about gender roles when parents discourage them to avoid traditional gender roles. Children often do not develop gender roles that are similar to those held in their society. Children most often do not develop specific gender roles. Research indicates there is a large biological basis for gender roles.

A. Children often develop traditional gender roles despite parents discouragement of such roles.

Shaquille is 25 years old and is actively dating in order to find someone to settle down with. Which of the following theorists would best be able to explain Shaquille's behavior? A. Erik Erikson B. Lawrence Kohlberg C. Carol Gilligan D. Sigmund Freud E. B. F. Skinner

A. Erik Erikson

Carol Gilligan was critical of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development. What is the basis of her critique? His conclusions applied only to women. Kohlberg should have used surveys rather than interviews. A psychological study can never be replicated. Two researchers cannot replicate the same study and get the same findings. A researcher cannot generalize across populations findings from one group of people.

A. His conclusions applied only to women.

Amehd, a fifth grader, is passing a note to his friend in class while his teacher is teaching a new type of math problem. When he is later tested on the material, he is unable to recall how to solve a similar problem. Which of the following theories best explains Amehd's difficulty in recalling how to do this type of problem? Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, because it focuses on how children think about the world The information processing approach, because it focuses on pairing a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that produces a reflexive response so that the neutral stimulus triggers the reflexive response The information processing approach, because it focuses on pairing a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that produces a reflexive response so that the neutral stimulus triggers the reflexive response The information processing approach, because it focuses on encoding and retrieving information

A. Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, because it focuses on how children think about the world

Fekru knows that when his teacher pours water from a small, wide glass into a tall, thin glass, the amount of water remains the same even though the tall, thin glass looks like it has more water. Which of the following theories best explains Fekru's ability? A. Jean Piaget's theory of conservation B. Lev Vygotsky's theory of zone of proximal development C. B. F. Skinner's theory of operant conditioning D. Ivan Pavlov's theory of classical conditioning E. Albert Bandura's theory of social learning

A. Jean Piaget's theory of conservation

Which of the following researchers found that ducklings will follow the first figure they see within their first day of hatching? Konrad Lorenz Harry Harlow Mary Ainsworth Diana Baumrind Albert Bandura

A. Konrad Lorenz

In trying to replicate Lawrence Kohlberg's research, several college psychology students observed four-year-olds in five prekindergarten classes. Their observations most likely indicated that these children were preconventional preoperational conventional postconventional postformal

A. preconventional

Gender stereotypes are developed as a result of A. societal norms and other environmental factors B. heredity and other biological factors C. both environmental and biological factors D. the development of gender identity E. the development of gender constancy

A. societal norms and other environmental factors

Trinna and Suzanne are identical twins who were the same length at birth. They were adopted by different families at birth and then reconnected in their early thirties. Trinna is two inches shorter and was a severely selective eater as a child. A researcher was conducting an investigation about twins separated at birth. What research method and explanation best fit this scenario? A longitudinal, because heredity is much more important than environment in determining length and height. A case, because environment is much more important than heredity in determining length and height. A case, because both heredity and environment are important in determining length and height. A longitudinal, because environment is much less important than heredity in determining height in early childhood. A correlational, because parents' height levels have little correlation with their children's length and height.

C. A case, because both heredity and environment are important in determining length and height.

Lawrence Kohlberg used which of the following techniques to illustrate the stages of his theory? Presenting people with the three mountain task Presenting people with a conservation task Having people solve moral dilemmas Having people study a law case Having people think about how they felt about a certain issue

C. Having people solve moral dilemmas

Rik, who is an adolescent, was always studious and quiet throughout childhood. His parents are concerned because he suddenly dyed his hair, pierced his tongue, and started hanging out with a different crowd. A few months later, he tried out for the football team and became so active in sports that he neglected his schoolwork. According to psychologists, which of the following would best explain Rik's changes in behavior? A. His parents had an authoritarian parenting style as he was growing up, so he is confused. B. He is having a difficult time getting along with peers. C. He is going through the process of exploring his identity that many adolescents experience. D. The neural pathways in his cerebellum are not fully developed. E. He is the middle child in his sibling group.

C. He is going through the process of exploring his identity that many adolescents experience.

Jerry is not able to tie his shoes on his own, but he is able to tie his shoes with the help of his father. Which of the following theories best explains the interaction between Jerry and his father? Mary Ainsworth's theory of attachment, because it focuses on whether a child has a secure or insecure attachment Lev Vygotsky's social learning theory, because it focuses on whether a child has a secure insecure attachment Lev Vygotsky's social learning theory, because it includes the concept of zone of proximal development Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, because it includes the concept of zone of proximal development Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, because it includes the concept of the Oedipal complex

C. Lev Vygotsky's social learning theory, because it includes the concept of zone of proximal development

Which of the following scenarios best describes what Erik Erikson thought someone might experience in early adulthood? Frances was a good student who socialized mostly with other good students, but recently she has started socializing with a different crowd and places less importance on her grades. Liz has tried to do things independently but has not been successful, so now she feels bad about herself. Mohammed has dated a few people but has not been very successful, so he has decided to give up on dating. Thomas has a difficult time trusting people. Jazmin feels like she is unfulfilled and living a mundane life.

C. Mohammed has dated a few people but has not been very successful, so he has decided to give up on dating.

Marion is about to turn 102. The death-deferral theory would predict that her healthy diet will defer death for a longer period of time her daily walk will defer death for a longer period of time she is less likely to die immediately before her birthday she will defer her death if she is surrounded by loved ones she will be less likely to die if she has good health care

C. she is less likely to die immediately before her birthday

Researchers hypothesize that the older a baby is when it begins to crawl, the longer it will take the baby to stop exhibiting earlier rocking behaviors. The researchers go into the infant room of a day care center every day for six weeks. Every time a baby rocks, the researchers record it. They document which babies are already crawlers and at what age each started crawling. What will help the researchers with their investigation? Sharing the researcher's hypothesis with parents before the study begins Surveying 100 parents about prenatal care Their knowledge that babies develop fine motor skills before they develop gross motor skills Their knowledge that rocking behavior develops before crawling behavior and that rocking behavior eventually goes away once crawling behavior begins Randomly assigning the babies to the crawling versus not-crawling conditions

D. Their knowledge that rocking behavior develops before crawling behavior and that rocking behavior eventually goes away once crawling behavior begins

Sexual orientation is most likely developed as a result of parenting style gender identity the overgeneralizations society makes about people of different genders a combination of genetics, prenatal hormones, and social influences a combination of developmental norms, socialization, and gender constancy

D. a combination of genetics, prenatal hormones, and social influences