Ap Euro
"In addition, all parents are obliged on the danger of losing their souls to teach the catechism to their children and domestic servants. Ask them also what they remember from last Sunday's sermon, and, if they remember nothing, admonish them to pay closer attention. And if kind words don't help, take the stick to them or give them nothing to eat and drink for supper until they have repeated something from the sermon." Based on the evidence provided by this passage, one can conclude that Lutherans believed that
Parents were at least partly responsible for the spiritual education of their children
What was the name given to French Calvinists?
Huguenots
The most important second-generation protestant reformer was
John Calvin
How did Luther benefit from his appearance before the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms?
Luther gained a larger audience for his reform ideas, and others began to challenge the church's teachings and practices
What were Lutheran and Calvinist attitudes toward secular rulers?
Lutherans taught respect for authority, while calvinists encouraged opposition to political authorities who were considered ungodly
How was the choice to embrace or reject the protestant reform movement made in each territory or region of the Holy Roman Empire?
The political leader(s) of the territory or region determined whether to introduce reforms
What was the fate of most people brought before the inquisition and accused of witchcraft?
They were sent home with a warning and ordered to do penance
what was the star chamber?
a court that dealt with noble threats to royal power in england
which of the following was one of the central components of the italian renaissance?
a glorification of individual genius
Early-sixteenth century Europeans were, for the most part,
deeply pious
which of the following characterizes Girolamo savonarola?
he came to power in florence denouncing vice and corruption, but as people tired of his moral denunciations, he lost authority
what did petrarch do to help bring about a new golden age in italy?
he proposed a new kind of education
the ________ emerged as a distinct artistic genre during the renaissance
individual portrait
why did a woman's work receive less compensation than a man's work during the renaissance?
it was understood that a woman was either married or to be married and, therefore, not responsible for supporting a family
on the iberian peninsula, who were the people referred to as the "new christians"
jewish and muslim converts
the spanish conversos were which of the following?
jewish christians, some of whom held prominent positions in the state, church, and business
who was the most prominent metalsmith who helped develop metal moveable prit?
johann gutenberg
How did the closing of the monasteries and converts affect upper-class women?
marriage became virtually the only occupation for upper-class women
what florentine artist was commissioned by pope julius II his tomb and paint the sistine chapel?
michelangelo
In addition to reforming the church, what was the other goal of the Council of Trent?
securing reconciliation with the protestants
the concordat of bologna, between francis I of france and pope leo X, gave the french monarchs authority to
select bishops and abbots
italian humanists stressed the
study of classics for what they could reveal about human nature
what purposes were served by sumptuary laws?
sumptuary laws reinforced social hierarchies, attempted to impose moral standards, and sought to protect local industries
According to the text, Thomas More's Utopia was remarkable for its time because it asserted that
the problems plaguing society could be solved by a beneficent government
which of the following did francesco petrarch believe?
the recovery of classical texts would bring about a new golden age of intellectual achievement
under henry VII of england, the center of royal authority was
the royal council
Martin Luther's first response to peasants' war was
to side with peasants
The overriding goal of the catholic religious orders established in the sixteenth century was
to uplift the moral condition of both clergy and laity
What new religious order for women emerged in the sixteenth century?
ursuline order
In religious affairs, Elizabeth I of England followed a policy that
was a middle course between Catholic and protestant extremes
which of the following was the most important source of patronage for renaissance artists?
wealthy individuals and rulers
Most male Renaissance humanists argued that
women's sphere of activity was private and domestic
pico della francesca and andrea mantegna pioneered
perspective in painting
What was the name given to the catholic and huguenot moderates in France?
politiques
The Pilgrimage of Grace attested to
popular opposition, in northern England, to Henry VIII's reformation
"To those whom he devotes to condemnation, the gate of life is closed by a just and irreprehensible, judgment. How exceedingly presumptuous it is only to inquire into the causes of the Divine will; which is in fact, and is justly entitled to be, the cause of everything that exists." This quote from the writings of John Calvin explains what concept?
predestination
France supported the protestant princes of Germany in order to
prevent Holy Roman Emperor Charles V from increasing his power
the tudor henry VII of england won broad, popular support by
promoting peace and social order at the local level
according to machiavelli, government should be judged on whether it
provided order, security, and safety for the populace
the spanish inquisition was an attempt to
root out insecure jewish converts to christianity
In Hungary, Lutheranism was
spread by Hungarian students who had studied at the University of Wittenberg
the following is an excerpt from the florentine merchant and historian benedetto dei's description of his home city: "our beautiful florence contains within the city in this present year two hundred seventy shops belonging to the wool merchants' guild... eighty-three rich and splendid warehouses of the silk merchant's guild.... the number of banks amounts to thirty-three; the shops of the cabinet-makers, whose business is carving and inlaid work, to eighty-four... there are forty-four goldsmiths' and jewellers' shops."
that there was high demand for luxury items in the city
which of the following best characterizes the renaissance idea of virtu?
the ability to shape the world around oneself according to one's will
what educational book by baldassare castiglione provided a treatise in training a young man in the discipline and fashion needed for the courtly ideal of being a gentleman?
the courtier
The Reformation of England was primarily the result of
the dynastic and romantic concerns of Henry VIII
The Ursuline of nuns focused on
the education of women
Which of the following was a consequence of the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
A lengthy civil war
"[S]o we call spiritual exercises every way of preparing and disposing the soul to rid itself of all inordinate attachments, and, after their removal, of seeking and finding the will of God in the disposition of our life for the salvation of our soul." What is Ignatius Loyola discussing in this quote?
A training program using structured meditation to develop spiritual discipline
Which of the following contributed to the success of Martin Luther's reform efforts?
Luther understood the power of the new printing press and authorized the publication of his works
Which of the following best describes Martin Luther's doctrine of salvation?
Salvation came through faith alone as a free gift of God's grace
In the early sixteenth century, anticlericalism focused primarily on which of the following issues?
The immorality of priests who were drunkards and neglected the rule of celibacy
Why was the pope unable to grant Henry VIII of England the annulment he desired?
The pope was essentially the prisoner of Emperor Charles V
"That the faithful may approach the sacraments with greater reverence and devotion of mind, the holy council commands all bishops that not only when they themselves are about to administer them to the people, they shall first, in a manner adapted to the mental ability of those who receive them, explain their efficacy and use, but also that they shall see to it that the same is done piously and prudently by every parish priest, and in the vernacular tongue." What important change in the catholic religious practice is described in this passage?
The shift away from the exclusive use of Latin in Catholic religious services
what role did the idea of "fate" play in machiavelli's analysis in the prince?
the most skilled and prepared ruler could not fully escape the operations of fate that might cause a prince to lose his realm
which of the following characterizes the intersection of the hierarchies of wealth and orders in the renaissance?
the nobility retained its status by taking in and integrating the new social elite of wealth
educated fifteenth-century italians believed that
they were living in a new era of human history
"everyone gets a fair share, so there are never any poor men or beggars. nobody owns anything, but everyone is rich- for what greater wealth can there be than cheerfulness, peace of mind, and freedom from anxiety? instead of being worried about his food supply, upset by the plaintive demands of his wife, afraid of poverty for his son." this quote (from evaluating evidence 12.2) describes the ideal society depicted in what humanist's work?
thomas more
As a result of the Peace of Augsburg, the people of Germany
became either Lutheran or Catholic, depending on the preference of their prince
according to map 12.1 : the italian city-states, ca. 1494, which european monarch invaded multiple italian city-states in 1494?
charles VIII of france
what individuals believed the merging of christian classical traditions could provide reform for the church and deepen the spiritual lives of people?
christian humanists
which of the following was a wealthy florentine, the political leader of his city, and a patron of renaissance artists?
cosimo de medici
the marriage of ferdinand of aragon and isabella of castille
created a dynastic union but did not unify the separate kingdoms into a single state
John Calvin rejected the idea of free will because he believed it would
detract from the sovereignty of God
"[T]he city in this present year [contains] two hundred seventy shops belonging to the wool merchants' guild... eighty-three rich and splendid warehouses of the silk merchants' guild.... the number of banks amounts to thirty-three; the shops of the cabinet-makers, whose business is carving and inlaid work, to eighty-four... there are forty-four goldsmiths' and jewellers' shops." what city is benedetto dei describing in this quote?
florence
which of the following gained control of papal banking toward the end of the thirteenth century?
florentine merchants
the fall of ___________ to christian forces in 1492 signaled the completion of the reconquista
granada
The Edict of Nantes
granted French Huguenots the right to worship in 150 towns
the most important factor in the emergence of the italian renaissance was the
great commercial revival in italy
which of the following best defines the term race as it is used in the renaissance?
groupings of people based on ethnic, national, or religious factors
how did pico della mirandola understand the uniqueness of humankind?
humans, lacking a fixed place, were the one part of the created world that could freely choose to rise to the heavens or sink into the realms of animals
The dissolution of the English monasteries
resulted from Henry VIII's desire to confiscate their wealth
charles VII of france created the first _____________ anywhere in europe
permanent royal army
Why did protestants allow the dissolution of marriages in divorce?
They viewed marriage as a contract for mutual support, and married partners who failed to provide support endangered their souls and the entire community
Luther believed that the church consisted of
a spiritual priesthood of all christian believers
The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V was
a vigorous defender of catholicism