ap euro ch 21 exam review

in 1848, how did the hungarian revolutionaries envision a future hungary?

as a unified, centralized hungarian nation

why did klemens von metternich, as austrian foreign minister, have to oppose the spread of nationalism in europe?

austria was a multiethnic empire, and the spread of nationalism among its different ethnic groups threatened to dissolve the empire

the allied powers at the congress of vienna were determined to

avoid the creation of hostility and resentment in france

karl marx argued that socialism would be established

by violent revolution

the karlsbad decrees of 1819

defined an idea of german nationalism built around a common language, culture, and set of values

why was the frankfurt parliament in 1849 unable to create a "greater germany?"

determined to maintain its empire, austria would not agree to a greater germany that separated german-speaking lands from non-german territories in the empire

in the nineteenth century, what did eugène delacriox's work typically feature?

dramatic, colorful scenes

in 1848, what reform did the french government refuse that created a sense of class injustice?

electoral reform

in the nineteenth century, how did ireland's population grow despite extreme poverty?

extensive cultivation of the humble potato

romantics and early nationalists investigated folk songs, folk tales, and proverbs in order to

find the unique greatness of every people in its folk culture

the british corn laws of 1815 were enacted with the goal of

forbidding the importation of foreign grain unless prices in britain reached very high DIFF: levels, selfishly benefiting the aristocratic landowners in britain

in great britain, the great britain reform bill of 1832

gave greater representation to the new, industrial areas of the nation

germaine de staël urged the french to throw away worn-out classical models and extolled the spontaneity and enthusiasm of the writer and thinkers of

germany

in their war of independence against the ottoman empire, the greeks ultimately won the support of

great britain, france, and russia

how did charles x of france seek to rally political support for himself in 1830?

he invaded algeria and established a french territory

how did the french provisional government respond to the worsening depression and rising unemployment in 1848?

it established national workshops to provide employment in public works projects

what was the effect of france's constitutional charter in the post-napoleonic period?

it secured most of the gains made by the middle class and peasantry durning the french revolution and permitted intellectual and artistic freedom

in december 1825, some 3,000 army officers inspired by liberal ideas staged a protest against which new tsar?

nicholas 1

many europeans and americans embraced the greek revolution because

of a love of greek classical culture

in 1830, an unsuccessful revolution failed to re-create the country of

poland

what was the most important influence on the peaceful mid-century reforms in great britain?

political competition between the aristocracy and the middle class

according to joseph proudhon in the nineteenth century, property was

profit stolen from workers

the quadruple alliance, the nations that defeated napoleon, included

russia, prussia, austria, and great britain

the romantic poet william wordsworth conceived of poetry as the

spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling recollected in tranquility

which social groups comprised "the revolutionary alliance" during the revolutions of 1848 in central europe?

students and urban workers

what was the result of the "june days" in france in 1848?

the triumph of the republican army under general louis cavaignac, after street fighting and the death or injury of more than ten thousand people

what did klemens von metternich and alexander 1 proclaim at the troppau conference in 1820?

their support for the principle of active intervention to maintain all autocratic regimes whenever threatened

what was one of karl marx's most important criticisms of the french utopian socialists?

their utopian schemes were not realistic

what did the early french socialist thinkers find disturbing about the emerging industrial society?

they believed that industrial society fermented selfish individualism and split the community into isolated fragments

Metternich: conservative reaction in the german confederation. How did the karlsbad decrees affect the universities and the press throughout the german confederation?

they provided that no publication appearing in the form of daily issues shall go to press without the approval of state officials

The republican in paris, 1848, what did the provisional government promise the nation?

to institute the democratic government that france owes itself

the chartist movement in britain in the 1830s and 1840s demanded

universal male suffrage

the romantic movement was characterized by

a belief in emotional exuberance and unrestrained imagination

composers in the romantic movement

abandoned well-defined structures and used a wide range of forms to evoke powerful emotions

charles fourier, a utopian socialist, envisioned mathematically precise communities called "phalanxes" and also urged

the abolition of marriage, free unions based only on love, and sexual freedom

what was the driving force in history according to marx in the nineteenth century?

the economic relationship between classes

according to the doctrine of laissez faire, the government should intervene in

the economy as little as possible

what did count henri de saint-simon believe in the nineteenth century?

the key to progress was proper social organization

what reform did france's second republic institute in 1848?

the right to vote for all adult men

in 1849, the revolution in hungary was brought under control with the help of 130,000 troops sent by

the russian empire

Adam Mickiewicz and romantic nationalism in poland, Mickiewicz draws parallels between the suffering of jesus and of poland and promises that the polish nation, like jesus, awaits a glorious resurrection. according to Mickiewicz, what would happen after that resurrection?

wars shall cease in all christendom

at the congress of vienna, the victorious allies

were guided by the principle of the balance of power

during the prussian revolution in 1848, why did the alliance between middle-class liberals and workers dissolve?

workers demanded a series of democratic and vaguely socialist reforms

victor hugo's political evolution was exactly the opposite of wordsworth's, whose

youthful radicalism gave way to middle-aged caution