AP Euro- Chapter 17/18 Agricultural Revolution, Trade Wars, Life of the People AP Exam Review Quiz

In the seventeenth and the eighteenth century, foundling homes

had extremely high death rates

cottage industry

A stage of industrial development in which rural workers used hand tools in their homes to manufacture goods on a large scale for sale in a market

What did the new discourse about children that emerged in the 1760s emphasize?

A call for greater tenderness toward children

Europeans believed grain and bread should be available at

just price—one that was fair to both consumers and producers

What caused the pattern of late marriage in early modern Europe?

It was a necessary precondition of economic independence

One of the century's most influential works on child-reading was Emile; or, On Education by

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

illegitimacy explosion

The sharp increase in out-of-wedlock births that occurred in Europe between 1750 and 1850, caused by low wages and the breakdown of community controls

industrious revolution

The shift that occurred as families in northwestern Europe focused on earning wages instead of producing goods for household consumption; this reduced their economic self-sufficiency but increased their ability to purchase consumer goods

Between 1700 and 1835, Europe's population

doubled

What was the result of the consumer revolution of the eighteenth century?

A new type of society in which people derived their self-identity as much from their consuming practices as from their work lives

wet-nursing

A widespread and flourishing business in the eighteenth century in which women were paid to breastfeed other women's babies

What was the greatest achievement of eighteenth-century medical science?

Conquest of smallpox

Britain's great rival for influence in India in the eighteenth century was

France

What was Jethro Tull's contribution to English agriculture in the eighteenth century?

He critiqued accepted farming methods and developed better methods through empirical research

putting-out system

The eighteenth-century system of rural industry in which a merchant loaned raw materials to cottage workers, who processed them and returned the finished products to the merchant

Which of the following correctly characterizes the transformation of the English and Scottish countryside in the enclosure era?

The elimination of common rights and access to land turned small peasant farmers into landless wage earners

Atlantic slave trade

The forced migration of Africans across the Atlantic for slave labor on plantations and in other industries; the trade reached its peak in the eighteenth century and ultimately involved almost 12 million Africans

Which of the following describes the enclosure movement of the eighteenth century?

The land was divided into plots bounded by fences to farm more effectively

enclosure

The movement to fence in fields in order to farm more effectively, at the expense of poor peasants who relied on common fields for farming and pasture

guild system

The organization of artisanal production into trade-based associations, or guilds, each of which received a monopoly over its trade and the right to train apprentices and hire workers

From 1701 to 1763, what was at stake in the wars between Great Britain and France?

The position as Europe's leading maritime power, with the ability to claim profits from Europe's overseas expansion

proletarianization

The transformation of large numbers of small peasant farmers into landless rural wage-earners

Treaty of Paris

The treaty that ended the Seven Years' War in Europe and the colonies in 1763 and ratified British victory on all colonial fronts

Why did sugar and tea become commonly consumed products by all social classes in the eighteenth century?

There was a steady drop in prices owing to the expanded use of colonial slave labor

What place did prostitutes generally hold among the common people in towns?

They were accepted members of the community of the laboring poor

Which of the following characterizes the condition of peasants in Western Europe in the eighteenth century?

They were generally free from serfdom and owned land that they could pass on to their children

The treaty that ended the Seven Years' War in Europe and the colonies in 1763 and ratified British victory on all colonial fronts was the

Treaty of Paris

The proletarianization of peasants in the eighteenth century forced them to

become landless rural wage earners

In seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Europe, guild masters

guarded their guild privileges jealously

Some scholars have argued that the neglectful attitudes toward children in preindustrial Europe were conditioned mostly by

high infant mortality rates

Population growth in Europe in the eighteenth century occurred

in all regions

In the eighteenth century, advocates for agricultural innovation argued that

landholdings and common lands needed to be consolidated and enclosed in order to farm more efficiently

The industrious revolution was a result of

poor families choosing to reduce leisure time and the production of goods for household consumption in order to earn wages to buy consumer goods

The British won the American component of the Seven Years' War owing to

the size and strength of British naval power

consumer revolution

The wide-ranging growth in consumption and new attitudes toward consumer goods that emerged in the cities of northwestern Europe in the second half of the eighteenth century

Until at least 1750, the practice of late marriage did not lead to a large number of illegitimate children because

of community pressure on a couple to marry when the woman became pregnant

economic liberalism

A belief in free trade and competition based on Adam Smith's argument that "the invisible hand" of free competition would benefit all individuals, rich and poor

What was the result of the War of the Austrian Succession?

An inconclusive standoff that set the stage for further warfare