AP Euro: Enlightened Despotism - Russia (Catherine the Great)

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torture was restricted and a limited degree of religious toleration was allowed

torture and religion under Catherine's rule

she considered herself a child of the enlightenment and she loved French culture (to the point that she refused to speak German or Russian)

what did Catherine consider herself in regards to the enlightenment and what culture did she love

she stopped the government policy of persecuting Old Believers (ultra-conservative dissident sect of the orthodox church) and Jews were granted civil equality

what did Catherine do for Old Believers and Jews

it gave her new lands to give the nobility in order to gain their loyalty

what did Catherine do with her territorial gains

Diderot

which philosophe lived her court for a time

landlords and officials were murdered all over southwestern Russia and Pugachev was eventually captured and executed

who did the supporters of the Pugachev rebellion murder and who was murdered (executed) in the end

a German princess who became queen after her helped assassinate her husband Peter III during the Seven Years' War

how did Catherine the Great come to power and what was she before

only the state and nobility benefited (the rest of the Russian population barely benefited but usually not at all), nobles gained more legal and financial security from the state and were freed from taxes or state service, serfdom became even more severe and nobles now had complete control over the and could impose harsh punishments like death, only nobles could own land

shortcomings of Catherine's reforms

she freed them from taxes and state service

what did Catherine do for nobles in 1785

an end to serfdom, taxes, and army service

what did Eugene Pugachev demand in the Pugachev rebellion

1773, a huge serf uprising led by a cossack soldier named Eugene Pugachev

when was the Pugachev Rebellion, what was it, and who was it led by

nobles reached their height and serfs were worse off

who reached their height during Catherine's reign and who were worse off

the nobility, she gave them absolute control over their serfs which spread to new areas like Ukraine

whose support did Catherine need and what did she do to get it

they had the liberum veto that made it so they had to have a unanimous vote in order for the government to act

why was Poland's government ineffective

Jews had suffered much persecution in Russia, they could not be nobles, they could not join guilds or hold political office, they could not participate in agricultural work or certain trades, resented by Russian and Ukrainian peasants for usury

how were Jews treated in Russia before Catherine

the crown was not obligated to accept recommendations from these councils

Catherine allowed strengthened local governments led by elective councils of nobles, but the downside was...

her favorite officials

Catherine confiscated orthodox church lands and gave them to who

1762-1798

Catherine the Great (Catherine II) reign

supported first private printing presses, number of books published annually in Russia increased from a few dozen to 400, a school for noble girls was founded

Catherine's education reforms

she annexed Polish territory under the three partitions with Russia and Austria in 1772, 1793, and 1795, gained Ottoman land in Crimea controlled by tartars, began conquest of Caucasus region

Catherine's territorial gains

Catherine the Great of Russia

Least "Enlightened" of the Enlightened despots. Worked hard to bring western culture to Russia, and supported educational reforms. Also restricted practice of torture and allowed religious toleration. Also had to face the Pugachev Rebellion, which was brutally crushed and as a result nobles gained absolute power over their serfs. S: Under Catherine the Great, Russia became more modern and grew significantly with the annexation of Polish territories.

Catherine the Great

one of the greatest rulers in European history


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