AP Euro: Enlightened Despotism - Russia (Catherine the Great)
torture was restricted and a limited degree of religious toleration was allowed
torture and religion under Catherine's rule
she considered herself a child of the enlightenment and she loved French culture (to the point that she refused to speak German or Russian)
what did Catherine consider herself in regards to the enlightenment and what culture did she love
she stopped the government policy of persecuting Old Believers (ultra-conservative dissident sect of the orthodox church) and Jews were granted civil equality
what did Catherine do for Old Believers and Jews
it gave her new lands to give the nobility in order to gain their loyalty
what did Catherine do with her territorial gains
Diderot
which philosophe lived her court for a time
landlords and officials were murdered all over southwestern Russia and Pugachev was eventually captured and executed
who did the supporters of the Pugachev rebellion murder and who was murdered (executed) in the end
a German princess who became queen after her helped assassinate her husband Peter III during the Seven Years' War
how did Catherine the Great come to power and what was she before
only the state and nobility benefited (the rest of the Russian population barely benefited but usually not at all), nobles gained more legal and financial security from the state and were freed from taxes or state service, serfdom became even more severe and nobles now had complete control over the and could impose harsh punishments like death, only nobles could own land
shortcomings of Catherine's reforms
she freed them from taxes and state service
what did Catherine do for nobles in 1785
an end to serfdom, taxes, and army service
what did Eugene Pugachev demand in the Pugachev rebellion
1773, a huge serf uprising led by a cossack soldier named Eugene Pugachev
when was the Pugachev Rebellion, what was it, and who was it led by
nobles reached their height and serfs were worse off
who reached their height during Catherine's reign and who were worse off
the nobility, she gave them absolute control over their serfs which spread to new areas like Ukraine
whose support did Catherine need and what did she do to get it
they had the liberum veto that made it so they had to have a unanimous vote in order for the government to act
why was Poland's government ineffective
Jews had suffered much persecution in Russia, they could not be nobles, they could not join guilds or hold political office, they could not participate in agricultural work or certain trades, resented by Russian and Ukrainian peasants for usury
how were Jews treated in Russia before Catherine
the crown was not obligated to accept recommendations from these councils
Catherine allowed strengthened local governments led by elective councils of nobles, but the downside was...
her favorite officials
Catherine confiscated orthodox church lands and gave them to who
1762-1798
Catherine the Great (Catherine II) reign
supported first private printing presses, number of books published annually in Russia increased from a few dozen to 400, a school for noble girls was founded
Catherine's education reforms
she annexed Polish territory under the three partitions with Russia and Austria in 1772, 1793, and 1795, gained Ottoman land in Crimea controlled by tartars, began conquest of Caucasus region
Catherine's territorial gains
Catherine the Great of Russia
Least "Enlightened" of the Enlightened despots. Worked hard to bring western culture to Russia, and supported educational reforms. Also restricted practice of torture and allowed religious toleration. Also had to face the Pugachev Rebellion, which was brutally crushed and as a result nobles gained absolute power over their serfs. S: Under Catherine the Great, Russia became more modern and grew significantly with the annexation of Polish territories.
Catherine the Great
one of the greatest rulers in European history
