AP Euro Study Guide Period 3-1
It failed because *Austria was determined to maintain its empire*, and *some parliamentarians advocated a Lesser Germany that would unify Prussia and other German states without Austria*.
(S.A.) Why did the idea of a "Greater Germany"--a Germany that would include the German--speaking lands of the Austrian Empire in a national state-fail?
There should be as *little government intervention* as possible.
According to the doctrine of laissez-faire, what should be the role of government in the economy?
Because the *workers demanded* a series of *democratic and* vaguely *socialist reforms*.
During the Prussian revolution in 1848, why did the alliance between middle-class liberals and workers dissolve?
The *spread of coke smelting* and the *development of steam-powered rolling mills increased production* enormously and *reduced the price of iron* products
How did Iron become the basic building block of the British economy in the 19th century?
Government passed a factory act to *improve conditions* for children working in factories. *No child younger than 9* was permitted to work.
How did the Factory Act of 1833 affect children?
*Avoid* the creation of *hostility and resentment* in France
How were the major powers determined to treat France at the Congress of Vienna?
Poland
In 1830, an unsuccessful revolution failed to re-create the country of...
Nicholas I
In December 1825, some 3,000 Russian army officers inspired by liberal ideas staged a protest against which new Tsar?
Mid-1800s
Owing to the Industrial Revolution, when did living conditions for the poor begin to improve?
- The Standard of Living --> Workers were crowded into terrible living conditions in industrial areas. --> They lived in complete dependence of employers, --> Because of coal mining, cotton spinning, and machine grinding; tuberculosis was wide spread. --> The working class was recognizably thinner, shorter, and paler than other people. --> They were dependent on cash to pay rent, buy bread, rough cotton for clothing, and small amounts of coal and candles. ----> Alcoholism was rampant. ------> Most factory workers earned too little to sustain a family even when work was steady.
The Industrial Revolution profoundly affected the British working classes. Describe its impact on working-class men, women, and children and determine whether the Industrial Revolution was beneficial or harmful for the working class.
Prussia, Russia, Austria, Great Britain
The Quadruple Alliance, the nations that defeated Napoleon included...
Great Britain, France, Russia
What countries supported the Greeks in their war of independence against the Ottoman Empire?
*Capital* and *skills in salesmanship*
What did James Watt gain from his partnership with Matthew Boulton?
*Food supply increases in a linear arithmetic* fashion and *population increases in a geometric exponential* fashion.
What did Thomas Malthus argue in his Essay on the Principles of Population (1798)?
Underground work for all women as well as for boys under 10
What did the Mines Act of 1842 prohibit?
It gave way to *middle-aged conservatism*
What did the romantic poet William Wordsworth conceive of poetry's effect on society?
The principle of the *balance of power*
What guided the victorious powers at the Congress of Vienna?
The *right to vote* for all adult men
What reform did France's Second Republic institute in 1848?
Students and urban workers
What social groups comprised the revolutionary alliance during the revolutions of 1848 in Central Europe?
The pressure of *population growth would always sink wages* to subsistence levels
What was David Ricardo's "Iron Law"?
The principle of *active intervention to maintain all autocratic regimes* whenever they were threatened
What was proclaimed by Metternich and Alexander I at the 1820 Troppau Conference?
It gave *greater representation to the new, industrial areas* of the nation.
What was the effect of the Great Reform Bill of 1832 on Britain?
Put socialism into practice
What was the goal of Robert Owen?
All men have the *right to vote*
What was the key demand of The Chartist Movement?
James Watt's *steam engine*, developed and marketed between the 1760s and the 1780s
What was the major breakthrough in energy and power supplies that catalyzed the Industrial Revolution?
- It was a *violent working class uprising*, caused by the dissolution of the socialist workshops by the Constituent Assembly, which was crushed by the republican army and *caused the death of over 10,000 people*. - It *marked beginning of class warfare* in France *between the bourgeoisie and the working class*.
What was the result of the "June Days" in France in 1848?
1 of *Metternich's* many *policies aimed at combating liberalism*. These decress odrered all states of the German Conferdation to oust out liberalism and revolutionizing ideas from their respective territories
What were the Carlsbad Decrees?
Wood had been *over-harvested*; it was the primary source of heat in all homes and a basic raw material in industry
Why did 18th century Britain have a shortage of wood?
Austria was a multiethnic empire, and the spread of *nationalism* among its different ethnic groups *threatened to dissolve the empire.*
Why did Metternich oppose the spread of nationalism in Europe?
They loved Greek classical culture
Why did many Europeans and American support the Greek Revolution?
The tendency to hire family units in the early factories was usually a *response to the wishes of the families*.
Why was there a tendency to hire family units in the early factories?
- Russia, Prussia, Austria - The alliance worked to *repress reformist and revolutionary movements* and *stifle desires for national independence* across Europe.
(S.A.) What the goal of the Holy Alliance?
He *invaded Algeria* and *established it as a French territory*
How did Charles X of France seek to rally political support for himself in 1830?
*Markets become broader*, encouraging manufacturers to create larger factories with more sophisticated machines.
How did railroads affect the nature of production?
Through *extensive cultivation of potatoes*
In the 19th century, how did Ireland's population grow despite extreme poverty?
