AP European History Second Semester Final Practice Test 3

In the wake of the failed Beer Hall Putsch, Hitler determined that:

The way to achieve political power was not through force, but through democratic elections and party politics

" The only way to erect such a common power as may be able to defend them from the invasion of foreigners and the injuries of one another, and thereby secure them in such sort as that by their own industry and by the fruits of the earth they may nourish themselves and live contentedly, is to confer all their power and strength upon one man, or upon one assembly of men, that they may reduce all their wills by plurality of voices unto one will... ." This theory of government reflected the view of:

Thomas Hobbes

The thesis that "population, when unchecked, increases in a geometrical ratio... subsistence only arithmetically" was advanced by:

Thomas Malthus

What was the original purpose of NATO?

To protect Europe from Soviet aggression

Which of the following best characterizes the attitude of nineteenth-century Russian Slavophiles?

Westernization should not be allowed to destroy the distinctive aspects of Slavic culture.

Which British Prime Minister made Irish Home Rule his political cause?

William Gladstone

"That the pretended power of suspending the laws, or for execution of laws, by regal authority, without the consent of Parliament is illegal.... That the raising or keeping of a standing army within the kingdom in the name of peace, unless it be with the consent of Parliament, is against the law." The first English monarch to accept and rule in accordance with these decrees was:

William III

*Shows three pie graphs* Based on the chart above, we deduce that, for these countries in the 1850s:

Women had yet to participate in banking and commerce in Great Britain

Which slogan best describes the proclaimed policy of the Soviet Union during the late 1950s and early 1960s toward the capitalist nations of the world?

"Peaceful Coexistence"

*Shows map of Europe* The map above depicts Europe around:

1500

What is NOT a plausible cause of the French Revolution?

A majority of the French populace desired to abolish the monarchy

What did NOT characterize Russia when Peter I ascended the throne?

A weak nobility

*Shows picture of the solar system* The illustration above, an early depiction of Copernicus's concept of the universe, indicates that he was in error by:

Adhering to the view that the orbits of the planets are circular

In the nineteenth century Britain fought two major wars there-as did the USSR, from 1979 on. The country in question was and is:

Afghanistan

*Shows line graph* According to the graph below, which one of the following statements is true?

Agriculture became less significant in Britain in Germany by 1900

What is NOT true about Eastern Europe, 1945-1960?

All Eastern Europe nations were subservient to the Soviet government

Among the issues advocated by the Action Francaise of Charles Maurras was:

An end to Jewish influence in France

The "gap theory" was used by the German politician Bismarck to end the:

Army Bill Crisis

The United Nations was originally planned in a document known as the:

Atlantic Charter

What is not correctly matched correctly matched?

Balboa-exploration of the Mississippi Valley

The Counter-Reformation was closely allied with which artistic movement?

Baroque

The "Great Fear" that swept through the French countryside in 1789 had its origin in the rumor that:

Brigands were attacking villages and burning crops

Which is the correct order of events in the career of Napoleon?

Concordat, Civil Code, invasion of Spain

What does Social Darwinism NOT give theoretical support?

Cosmopolitanism

"I believe in the equality of man; and I believe that religious duties consist in doing justice, loving mercy, and endeavoring to make all our fellow creatures happy. All nationals institutions of churches, whether Jewish, Christian, or Turkish, appear to me no other than human inventions, set up to terrify and enslave mankind, and monopolize power and profit." This view would best reflect the attitudes of a:

Deist

Which Lutheran country fought for the Protestant side in the Thirty Years' War, oversaw shipping between the North Sea and Baltic, yet in 1814 lost the Kingdom of Norway as a result of supporting Napoleon against Britain?

Denmark

What is NOT true about Richelieu?

Deprived Huguenots of their religious rights

Known as the "Prince of the Humanists," in works such as In Praise of Folly he criticized the clergy and abuses that he saw in the Church. He was:

Desiderius Erasmus

In transforming the Catholic Church into the Church of England, Henry VIII:

Disbanded monasteries and confiscated their land

*Shows three line graphs* A conclusion that might be drawn from the graphs shown below is that:

Economic factors may have entered into the mounting antagonism between Great Britain and Germany

The sixteenth-century religious wars in France were largely ended with the:

Edict of Nantes

In his An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, John Locke held that human knowledge was derived from:

Environment and reason

Which one of the following factors stimulated the growth of fascism in Europe during the 1920s and 1930s?

Fear of communism

"Come forth into the light of things, Let Nature be your teacher... Enough of Science and Art Close up those barren leaves Come forth, and bring with you a heart That watches and receives" Such a view would most likely be expressed by a:

Follower of Rosseau

After the tsar authorized general mobilization on both the Austrian and German fronts, Germany declared war on Russia. Which of the following countries did Germany invade first?

France

"The prince is to the nation he governs what the head is to the man; it is his duty to see, think, and act for the whole community, that he may procure it every advantage of which it is capable. He must be active, possess integrity, and collect his whole powers, that he may be able to run the career he has commenced." This concept of the obligations of the ruler would best reflect the views of:

Fredrick the Great

The Paris Commune was suppressed by the:

French Army

*Shows picture of massacre* The etching above by an eyewitness shows the massacre on St. Bartholomew's Day, 1572, of:

French Calvinists

"Whereas you... in the year 1615 were denounced to this Holy Office for holding as true the false doctrine taught by many, that the sun is the center of the world and immovable, and that the earth moves, and also with a diurnal motion... ." This was the charge brought against:

Galileo Galilei

Locke's Treatises on Civil Government allowed subjects to revolt, provided that the:

Government had violated property rights

"... I have heard him say, that after his Booke of the Circulation of the Blood came out, that he fell mightily in his Practice, and that is was believed by the Vulgar that he was crack-brained." This excerpt, taken from an account by John Aubrey, describes:

Harvey

Peter the Great's purpose in building the city of St. Petersburg was to:

Hasten the Westernization of Russia

Martin Luther was NOT executed as a heretic because:

He won the support of many of the German princes

*Shows map of Northern Europe* According to the map above, Prussia:

Held territory in both eastern and western Germany before 1870

Werner Heisenberg's contribution to twentieth-century science was the:

Hypothesis that we cannot know both position and speed for subatomic particles

"Imperialism emerged as a development and direct continuation of the fundamental properties of capitalism. ... imperialism is the monopoly stage of capitalism." The writer quoted above would most likely accept which of the following statements as true?

Imperialism is a natural, predictable result of the growth of capitalism

*Shows a line graph* Which of the following is a reasonable conclusion based on the graph shown on the next page?

Industrial production and grain prices sometimes declined in tandem

Which of the following best characterizes Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France?

It condemned the violence and anarchy of the French Revolution

"The state of the monarchy is the supremest thing upon the earth; for kings are not only God's lieutenants upon earth, and sit upon God's throne, but even by God himself they are called gods... ." This concept of the status of monarchy would best reflect the view of:

James I of England and Scotland

"Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains... .How did this change come about? I do not know. What can make it legitimate? That question I think I can answer." These words began the famous work treating the social contract by:

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

"All are not created on equal terms, but some are preordained to eternal life, others to eternal damnation; and, accordingly, as each has been created for one or the other of these ends, we say that he has been predestined to life or death... ." This statement reflects an essential view of:

John Calvin

Hohenzollern authority in ruling Prussia depended on support from the:

Junkers

Martin Luther believed that the problem of personal sin had its solution in:

Justification by faith

Who did the 1848 Revolutions NOT reflect the interests of?

Marxists

Kepler's contribution to the Scientific Revolution was his:

Mathematical proof that the orbits of the planets are elliptical

The geocentric theory of the universe was first opposed in the sixteenth century by the European astronomer:

Nicholas Copernicus

A philosophe of eighteenth-century France would be likely to:

Oppose religious intolerance and superstition

The German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche argued that Western civilization:

Placed too much stress on ration thinking

During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the United Provinces (Netherlands) were noted for toleration of Jews, but which state was considered the most tolerant?

Poland-Lithuania

From circa 1680 to 1725, the balance of power shifted radically in Eastern Europe. Russia, Brandenburg-Prussia, and Austria rose at the expense of which three powers in decline?

Poland-Sweden-the Ottoman Empire

What did the Whigs of the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries NOT adhered to?

Primacy of rural over mercantile interests

The German sociologist Max Weber advanced the thesis that a significant result of the Protestant Reformation was that:

Protestantism, particularly Calvinism, fostered capitalism

In the "Diplomatic Revolution" of 1756:

Prussia became an ally of Britain

The phrase "Cogito ergo sum" ("I think, therefore I am"), which reflects the process of logical deduction, is associated with:

Rene Descartes

The Anglo-French Entente (also known as the Entente Cordiale):

Resolved Anglo-French colonial disputes in Egypt and Morocco

Lenin's New Economic Plan (NEP), introduced in 1921, was designed to:

Restore limited economic freedom

The Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev, one may successfully argue:

Reverted to Stalinist policies when he authorized military action against the "Prague Spring" in Czechoslovakia

During the Persian Gulf War of 1991, what action did Russia take?

Russia supported the international army led by the United States

*Shows map with arrows* The map below illustrates:

Schlieffen Plan

Which of the following forms of government would most likely win the approval of a politique?

Secular government in which religion plays no role

The primary problem of France when Charles de Gaulle became president of the nation during the 1950s was to:

Settle the Algerian problem

According to mercantilist theory, colonies:

Should be markets and sources of raw materials for the mother country

What was NOT a factor in higher agricultural yields in the Agricultural Revolution?

Substitution of oats for potatoes

The Protestant Reformation:

Tended to strengthen the power of secular rulers

A concept of Bolshevism advanced by Lenin but NOT to be found in the writings of Marx is:

That there is a need for an elite cadre to control the "dictatorship of the proletariat," giving impetus and direction to the revolution

Which of these African lands was formally put under Belgian rule in 1885?

The Congo

During the Third Republic, 1875-1945, which of the following phrases describes a political crisis centered on accusations of treason against a French military officer?

The Dreyfus Affair

A long-term trend that was a basic cause of World War I was:

The decline of the Ottoman Empire

A pioneer in the Age of Exploration, Prince Henry of Portugal sponsored:

The exploration of the west coast of Africa

Which of the following statements best explains the political and military decline of Poland by the late eighteenth century?

The liberum veto