Ap European history Unit 4

(Engraving by an unknown artist of Empress Maria Theresa of Austria accepting the homage of the Hungarian nobility, 1741) The artist's portrayal of Maria Theresa was most likely a response to which of the following circumstances?

Growing rivalries among European powers

(Voltaire, French philosophe, "Treatise on Tolerance," 1763) Voltaire's plea for tolerance is best understood in the context of which of the following developments?

New concepts of faith resulting from rational analysis of religious practices

(John Locke, An Essay Concerning the True Origin, Extent, and End of Civil Government, 1690) Which of the following best explains the contemporary development of the theory of absolutism in France, which contrasted sharply with Locke's views on popular sovereignty?

The lack of any successful challenges to monarchical power in seventeenth-century France

(Stephen Addington, "An Inquiry into the Reasons for and against Enclosing Open-Fields," report presented to the British Parliament, 1767) Taken as a whole, Addington's report provides most direct evidence for which of the following trends in eighteenth-century England?

Controversy over the commercialization of agriculture

(Stephen Addington, "An Inquiry into the Reasons for and against Enclosing Open-Fields," report presented to the British Parliament, 1767) Addington's information about Leicester and Northampton in the second paragraph provides most direct evidence for which of the following in eighteenth-century England?

Demographic shifts associated with changes in agricultural practices

(Lisa Jardine, historian, Ingenious Pursuits: Building the Scientific Revolution, 1999) Which of the following pieces of evidence most directly challenges Jardine's implied claim that the Scientific Revolution was characterized by a universal change in outlook?

Newton's investigations into alchemy

(Voltaire, French philosophe, "Treatise on Tolerance," 1763) Enlightenment philosophes such as Voltaire primarily drew on which of the following to advocate for changing human institutions?

Principles of the Scientific Revolution, such as rationalism and empirical observation

(Engraving by an unknown artist of Empress Maria Theresa of Austria accepting the homage of the Hungarian nobility, 1741) Which of the following best explains why Empress Maria Theresa presented her son to the Hungarian nobility as shown in the engraving?

She wanted to legitimize her rule through demonstrating the continuance of the Habsburg line.

(Lisa Jardine, historian, Ingenious Pursuits: Building the Scientific Revolution, 1999) Which of the following best supports Jardine's argument that increased international trade influenced the Scientific Revolution?

The European discovery of lands and peoples not mentioned in ancient and classical sources undermined those sources' authority.

(Engraving by an unknown artist of Empress Maria Theresa of Austria accepting the homage of the Hungarian nobility, 1741) Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the way in which the artist chose to portray Empress Maria Theresa?

The artist wished to show her as an absolutist ruler of her diverse empire.

(Lisa Jardine, historian, Ingenious Pursuits: Building the Scientific Revolution, 1999) Which of the following pieces of evidence best supports Jardine's argument regarding the changes in intellectual outlook in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

The new ideas in astronomy and anatomy that led intellectuals to challenge the authority of ancient and classical sources of knowledge

(Voltaire, French philosophe, "Treatise on Tolerance," 1763) Voltaire's ability to publish the ideas presented in the "Treatise on Toleration" best reflects which of the following?

The spread of print media that popularized Enlightenment ideas

(Voltaire, French philosophe, "Treatise on Tolerance," 1763) Voltaire's description of different societies in the second paragraph best reflects which of the following Enlightenment concepts?

The use of skepticism to challenge institutions of government and faith

(Engraving of the estate of David Wells in southern England, circa 1750) The engraving and its inscription provide most direct evidence for which of the following conclusions about the attitude of wealthy landowners toward agricultural improvements in the eighteenth century?

They saw such improvements as a source of pride and prestige.

(John Locke, An Essay Concerning the True Origin, Extent, and End of Civil Government, 1690) The influence of the Scientific Revolution on Locke's reasoning regarding the right of people to establish new forms of government is most clearly reflected in his

appeal to universal principles that supposedly define the function of government