AP Gov Unit 1
How is "government by the people, for the people" practiced in the U.S.?
a system that selects policymakers and organizes government so that policy represents and responds to the public's preferences
Questions 33 and 34 refer to the image. The Constitution is a short document that has survived for more than 200 years, in large part because of its adaptability to the needs of new generations. Credit: Mike Luckovich/Creators Syndicate 33. Which of the Constitution's characteristics does the cartoon address?
adaptability
Questions 41 and 42 refer to the following graph. Fiscal Federalism: Federal grants to state and local governments. 41. Based on the graph, which of the following saw the largest increase in federal grants between 2007 and 2017?
health
Shay's Rebellion contributed to calls for a stronger national government because
it indicated that the state and national governments were weak.
The meaning of the Constitution can change through __________.
judicial interpretation
Which of the following effects of the Revolutionary War likely led to the changes indicated in the graph?
rising egalitarian tendencies
Which of the following is a disadvantage of federalism?
the quality of policies can vary from state to state.
Which of the following is the best definition of federalism?
A constitutional arrangement by which two or more levels of government share formal authority over the same area and people.
Based on the graph, which of the following statements is accurate?
A higher percentage of older people vote in midterm elections than young people.
Questions 23-24 refer to the following image. 23. Based on this image, what was one result of the foreclosures imposed by Massachusetts state courts?
A violent farmer uprising under the direction of Daniel Shays
Which of the following provides for the Constitution's flexibility?
Article V
Which is an example of a federal mandate?
Congress passes a law requiring all states to adopt a sex offender registry system.
Which of the following statements about federalism does the map illustrate?
Diversity in policy creates stark differences between states and regions of the U.S.
Based on the cartoon, what is the relationship between federal funds and state autonomy?
Federal involvement accompanies federal funds.
Which of the following is an example of a categorical grant?
Funds provided by Congress to the states to enhance science instruction in a low-income area.
Which of the following was most Madison's reason for writing Federalist No. 51?
He wanted to address people's concerns about the new government's power.
For which of the following reasons was the Declaration of Independence an important tool in the Revolutionary War?
It outlined King George's violations and appealed to nations around the world.
Why was McCulloch v. Maryland a landmark federalism case?
It reinforced the idea of national supremacy, altering the relationship between federal and state governments.
Which of the following best exemplifies Patrick Henry's ideas?
New Hampshire license plates that say, "Live Free or Die."
In which of the following ways was the economy different under the Constitution than the Articles of Confederation?
The Constitution gave Congress powers that it could never have enforced under the Articles.
How did the protesters' success lead to change?
The Constitution offered more specific mandates on voter eligibility.
Which of the following is a reason why the Framers created a federal system?
The Framers could not conceive of the federal government providing most of the services to states and localities.
Which of the following statements about liberty is most accurate?
The idea of liberty is deeply ingrained throughout U.S. history.
Based on the graph, what is the relationship between income and political participation?
The nation's highest earners had the highest voting percentages.
Which of the following is an accurate statement about democracy in the U.S.?
The size of the population makes direct democracy impossible.
Which of the following reasons might explain the trend in the graph?
Young people haven't lived in a time when most people paid attention to politics.
Based on the graph, how did political participation among 18-29 year olds and 65+ year olds change between 1972 and 2012?
Younger Americans grew more politically apathetic, and older Americans less so.
What best describes a linkage institution?
a channel through which people's concerns become part of the political agenda
An advantage of federalism is that it allows states to __________.
be policy innovators
How does government usually protect its national sovereignty?
by maintaining armed forces
Which principle of traditional democracy theory is violated in circumstances in which the wealthy have influence over the government's policy agenda that far exceeds what would be expected based on their numbers?
citizen control of the agenda
The goal of the privileges and immunities clause is to keep states from discriminating against which of the following?
citizens of other states
Questions 47 and 48 refer to the passage below. "To uphold the Government's contentions here, we would have to pile inference upon inference in a manner that would bid fair to convert congressional authority under the Commerce Clause to a general police power of the sort retained by the States. Admittedly, some of our prior cases have taken long steps down that road, giving great deference to congressional action.... The broad language in these opinions has suggested the possibility of additional expansion, but we decline here to proceed any further. To do so would require us to conclude that the Constitution's enumeration of powers does not presuppose something not enumerated... and that there never will be a distinction between what is truly national and what is truly local... This we are unwilling to do."--Chief Justice William Rehnquist, United States v. Lopez, 1995 47. In United States v. Lopez, the U.S. Supreme Court scrutinized the use of which of the following powers as related to the possession of firearms in public schools?
commerce
Which of the following is an implied power of the federal government?
establishing a national bank
Questions 43 and 44 refer to the image. 43. According to the cartoon, what do states want from the federal government?
federal financial assistance
Which type of system does this graph illustrate?
fiscal federalism
What are the institutions that make public policy decisions for a society collectively known as?
government
Questions 30-32 refer to the passage below. " The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts, and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defense and general welfare of the United States;... To regulate Commerce with foreign nations.... To coin money... To declare war... And To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States..."--Article I, United States Constitution, 1787 30. Based on this passage, which of the following powers is outlined in Article I, section 8 of the Constitution?
legislative powers
Questions 10-12 refer to the passage below. "Our brethren are already in the field! Why stand we here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!"--Patrick Henry, 1775 10. Which of the following democratic ideals did Patrick Henry prioritize?
liberty
Questions 21-23 refer to the passage below. "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed."--Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, 1776 21. On which of the following enlightenment ideas does the Declaration of Independence rely?
natural rights
Which clause of the U.S. Constitution did the Supreme Court interpret in McCulloch v. Maryland as allowing Congress to create a national bank?
necessary and proper
Questions 25 and 26 refer to the following graph. Power Shift: Economic status of state legislators before and after The Revolutionary War. 25. Based on the graph, what shift in power took place after the Revolutionary War?
people with moderate income held more seats in state legislatures than the wealthy
What determines whom we select as our governmental leaders and what policies these leaders pursue?
politics
Questions 27-29 refer to the passage below. "It is equally evident, that the members of each department should be as little dependent as possible on those of the others... Were the executive magistrate, or the judges, not independent of the legislature in this particular, their independence in every other would be merely nominal. But the great security against a gradual concentration of the several powers in the same department, consists in giving to those who administer each department the necessary constitutional means and personal motives to resist encroachments of the others.... It may be a reflection on human nature, that such devices should be necessary to control the abuses of government. But what is government itself, but the greatest of all reflections on human nature?... In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself."--James Madison, Federalist No. 51, 1788 27. What constitutional principle did Madison defend in Federalist No. 51?
separation of powers
Questions 35 and 36 refer to the following image. Amending the Constitution to give women the right to vote was an important step in the women's rights movement. Here suffragettes march in New York City in 1913 for the right to vote. 35. Which of the following rights did the women pictured demand?
suffrage
Questions 38-40 refer to the passage below. "If the States may tax one instrument, employed by the government in the execution of its powers, they may tax any and every other instrument. They may tax the mail; they may tax the mint; they may tax patent rights; they may tax the papers of the custom-house; they may tax judicial process; they may tax all the means employed by the government, to an excess which would defeat all the ends of government. This was not intended by the American people. . . .The Court has bestowed on this subject its most deliberate consideration. The result is a conviction that the States have no power, by taxation or otherwise, to retard, impede, burden, or in any manner control, the operations of the constitutional laws enacted by Congress to carry into execution the powers vested in the general government. This is, we think, the unavoidable consequence of that supremacy which the constitution has declared."—Chief Justice John Marshall, McCulloch v. Maryland, 18191. 38. Which clause of the U.S. Constitution did the Supreme Court interpret as preventing Maryland from taxing the national bank in McCulloch v. Maryland?
supremacy
Which of the following statements about ¨U.S. v. Lopez¨ is most accurate?
the Court limited the federal government's power over states.
Questions 5-7 refer to the passage below. "It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last measure of full devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth." 5. According to the Gettysburg Address, who holds the power in a democracy?
the people
Based on the map, which region of the U.S. spends the most on public education?
the Northeast
Which of the following would proponents of devolution argue?
the authority of state government should be expanded
Which idea in the Declaration expresses John Locke's belief that government derives its authority from the people?
the consent of the governed
What are policy impacts?
the effects that a policy has on people and on society's problems
What makes up the government's policy agenda?
the issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other political actors
Which of the Framer's concerns did the provisions in Article I, Section 8 address?
the strength of the federal government
How does our government respond to the priorities of its people?
through a policymaking system
According to Madison, which of the following is a reason for government to "control itself"?
to prevent any one branch overpowering others
Which of the following is a potential danger of lack of political interest?
voting along party lines