AP psych 8

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are major symptoms of

ADHD

The psychologist known for challenging people's absurd self-defeating ideas is

Albert Ellis

Which of the following therapies is more concerned with removing specific troubling symptoms than with providing special insights into the personality of the client

Behavior therapy

Psychological research on the principles of learning that most directly influenced the development of

Behavioral therapy

Instead of focusing on the cure of psychological disorders, ________ therapies seek to promote personal growth and self-fulfillment.

Humanistic

To call psychological disorders "sicknesses" is especially likely to encourage research supporting the

Medical model

Which approach would attempt to minimize psychological disorders by working to reduce the incident of child abuse and illiteracy in society

Preventive mental health

Jethro, a 25-year-old auto mechanic, thinks he is Napoleon. He further believes he is being imprisoned against his will in the mental hospital where his relatives have brought him for treatment. Jethro is most likely suffering from

Schizophrenia

Research suggests that women are more vulnerable to depression than men because women are more likely to respond to negative life events with a self focused rumination. The suggestion best illustrates a_____ perspective

Social cognitive

Professor Engstrom emphasizes that eating disorders involve the interactive influence of mood, basal metabolic rates, and cultural standards of beauty. The professor's emphasis best illustrates

a biopsychosocial approach.

A generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by

a continuous state of tension, apprehension, and autonomic nervous system arousal.

The experience of multiple personalities is most likely to be characterized by

a massive dissociation of self from ordinary consciousness.

Phobias are most likely to be characterized by

a persistent, irrational fear of a specific object or situation.

Maladaptive behaviors that reduce worry and fear are most indicative of

an anxiety disorder

Which of the following is most clearly a key contributor to the formation of the therapeutic alliance

an empathic therapist

A lack of conscience is most characteristic of those who experience ________ disorder.

antisocial personality

In treating alcohol dependency, therapists have clients consume alcohol that contains a nausea-producing drug. This technique is known as

aversive conditioing

Whenever 2-year-old Calista runs into the street in front of her house, her mother immediately spanks her. The mother's technique most closely resembles the procedure known as

aversive conditioning

In one treatment for bed-wetting, the child sleeps on a liquid-sensitive pad that when wet, triggers an alarm and awakens the child. This treatment is a form of

behavior therapy.

A fundamental problem with the diagnostic labeling of psychologically disordered behaviors is that the labels often

bias our perceptions of the labeled person.

Those who engage in spurts of excessive overeating, followed by remorse-but do not binge, purge or fast are said to have

binge eating disorder

It is easy to condition but hard to extinguish fears of the types of stimuli that threatened our ancestors. This fact is best explained from a ________ perspective.

biological

Which of the following disorders is classified as a mood disorder

bipolar disorder

In terms of the role of the family environment on eating disorders, research has discounted which of the following factors?

childhood sexual abuse

The DSM-5 is most likely to be criticized for

classifying an excessively broad range of human behaviors as psychologically disordered.

Carl Rogers is known for the development of

client-centered therapy

Which therapeutic approach relies most heavily on patients' discovering their own ways of effectively dealing with their difficulties?

client-centered therapy

Psychologists with expertise in research, the assessment of psychological disorders, and the practice of psychotherapy are typically

clinical psychologists

Teaching people to stop blaming themselves for failures and negative circumstances beyond their control is of most direct concern to ________ therapists.

cognitive

An integrated therapy that aims to modify both self-defeating thinking and maladaptive actions is known as

cognitive behavior therapy

Experiencing physical symptoms, such as blindness or paralysis, that make no physiological sense is indicative of

conversion disorder

Systematic desensitization is a form of ________, which is a type of ________.

counterconditioning; behavior therapy

False beliefs of persecution that may accompany schizophrenia are called

delusions

Abnormally low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin are associated with

depression

Electroconvulsive therapy has proven to be effective in the treatment of

depression

Light exposure therapy was developed to relieve symptoms of

depression

Self-blaming attributions are most likely to be associated with

depression

Cognitive therapies have achieved especially favorable results in the treatment of

depression.

Dissociative disorders are most likely to be characterized by

disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity

Several weeks after being fired from a job he had held for more than 20 years, enrico awoke one morning in a state of bewildered confusion. He had little sense of who he was and even failed to recognize his wife. Enrico's experience is most indicative of

dissociative disorder

Exhibiting two or more distinct and alternating personalities is a symptom of a(n)

dissociative identity disorder.

ADHD is most clearly characterized by

distractibility

Schizophrenia is associated with an excess of receptors for

dopamine

Those with a histrionic personality disorder are most likely to display

dramatic, attention-getting behaviors.

An important component of psychoanalysis is

dream analysis

Some antidepressants block the reuptake or breakdown of both serotonin and another neurotransmitter, norepinephrine. These antidepressants are called

dual-action drugs.

Psychoanalytic interpretation is designed to promote

insight

A therapist suggests that Mr. Broshi continues to bite his fingernails because this behavior often reduced his feelings of anxiety in the past. The therapist's suggestion most clearly reflects a ________ perspective.

learning

A therapist suggests that Mr. Ozawa's fear of darkness can probably be traced back to his early childhood when he was occasionally beaten and locked up in a small, dark closet by an older brother. The therapist's suggestion most clearly reflects a ________ perspective.

learning

To identify genes that put people at risk for depression, researchers have used

linkage analysis.

Which psychosurgical procedure was designed to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients?

lobotomy

In terms of neurotransmitter levels, depression is associated with

low norepinephrine levels and low serotonin levels

Quinn, an 18-year-old college freshman, has missed almost all his classes during the past month. He spends most of his time in his bedroom, frequently not even bothering to get dressed or eat meals. He thinks his whole life has been a failure and blames himself for being a social misfit. Quinn is most likely suffering from

major depressive disorder.

The conception of psychological disorders as biologically based sicknesses is known as the

medical model

Statistical summaries of psychotherapy outcome studies indicate that

no single form of therapy proves consistently superior to the others.

Dual-action antidepressant drugs work by increasing the availability of

norepinephrine and serotonin.

Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible, enduring, and socially maladaptive behavior patterns are called _____ disorders

personality

Evidence that many DID patients have suffered abuse as children leads some psychologists to include dissociative disorders under the umbrella of

post traumatic stress disorder

Sigmund Freud introduced a form of psychotherapy known as

psychoanalysis

According to the ________ perspective, anxiety is sometimes produced by the submerged mental energy associated with repressed impulses.

psychoanalytic

Nate's past relationships with his mother, his former wife, and his previous employer have been characterized by common patterns of resentment and emotional detachment. Helping Nate gain insight into these recurring relationship patterns would be of greatest concern to a

psychodynamic therapist.

The study of the effect of drugs on mind and behavior is called

psychopharmacology

What do psychologists call personal strengths that help people cope with stress?

resilience

An abnormal shrinkage of cerebral tissue is most likely to be associated with

schizophrenia

Which group of severe disorders is characterized by disorganized thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions?

schizophrenia

Hallucinations and delusions are most likely to be experienced by those who suffer from

schizophrenia.

Alejandro is extremely shy and is so easily embarrassed when he is with other people that he often misses his college classes just to avoid social interactions. Alejandro appears to suffer from a(n)

social anxiety disorder.

Saul frequently feels like he has a lump in his throat that makes it difficult for him to speak or swallow. Medical examinations, however, indicate that there is no apparent physical cause for these symptoms. Saul appears to be suffering from a

somatic symptom disorder

A person attacked by a fierce dog develops a fear of all dogs. This best illustrates

stimulus generalization.

People often enter psychotherapy during a period of crisis in their lives. This helps us understand why they

tend to overestimate the effectiveness of their psychotherapy.

Which of the following is most likely to contribute to inflated estimates of the value of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing?

the placebo effect

Double-blind studies enable researchers to assess the extent to which drug therapy outcomes are attributable to

the placebo effect.

Therapy outcome studies indicate that highly religious people may prefer and benefit from

therapists with similar religious beliefs.