AP psych 8
Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are major symptoms of
ADHD
The psychologist known for challenging people's absurd self-defeating ideas is
Albert Ellis
Which of the following therapies is more concerned with removing specific troubling symptoms than with providing special insights into the personality of the client
Behavior therapy
Psychological research on the principles of learning that most directly influenced the development of
Behavioral therapy
Instead of focusing on the cure of psychological disorders, ________ therapies seek to promote personal growth and self-fulfillment.
Humanistic
To call psychological disorders "sicknesses" is especially likely to encourage research supporting the
Medical model
Which approach would attempt to minimize psychological disorders by working to reduce the incident of child abuse and illiteracy in society
Preventive mental health
Jethro, a 25-year-old auto mechanic, thinks he is Napoleon. He further believes he is being imprisoned against his will in the mental hospital where his relatives have brought him for treatment. Jethro is most likely suffering from
Schizophrenia
Research suggests that women are more vulnerable to depression than men because women are more likely to respond to negative life events with a self focused rumination. The suggestion best illustrates a_____ perspective
Social cognitive
Professor Engstrom emphasizes that eating disorders involve the interactive influence of mood, basal metabolic rates, and cultural standards of beauty. The professor's emphasis best illustrates
a biopsychosocial approach.
A generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by
a continuous state of tension, apprehension, and autonomic nervous system arousal.
The experience of multiple personalities is most likely to be characterized by
a massive dissociation of self from ordinary consciousness.
Phobias are most likely to be characterized by
a persistent, irrational fear of a specific object or situation.
Maladaptive behaviors that reduce worry and fear are most indicative of
an anxiety disorder
Which of the following is most clearly a key contributor to the formation of the therapeutic alliance
an empathic therapist
A lack of conscience is most characteristic of those who experience ________ disorder.
antisocial personality
In treating alcohol dependency, therapists have clients consume alcohol that contains a nausea-producing drug. This technique is known as
aversive conditioing
Whenever 2-year-old Calista runs into the street in front of her house, her mother immediately spanks her. The mother's technique most closely resembles the procedure known as
aversive conditioning
In one treatment for bed-wetting, the child sleeps on a liquid-sensitive pad that when wet, triggers an alarm and awakens the child. This treatment is a form of
behavior therapy.
A fundamental problem with the diagnostic labeling of psychologically disordered behaviors is that the labels often
bias our perceptions of the labeled person.
Those who engage in spurts of excessive overeating, followed by remorse-but do not binge, purge or fast are said to have
binge eating disorder
It is easy to condition but hard to extinguish fears of the types of stimuli that threatened our ancestors. This fact is best explained from a ________ perspective.
biological
Which of the following disorders is classified as a mood disorder
bipolar disorder
In terms of the role of the family environment on eating disorders, research has discounted which of the following factors?
childhood sexual abuse
The DSM-5 is most likely to be criticized for
classifying an excessively broad range of human behaviors as psychologically disordered.
Carl Rogers is known for the development of
client-centered therapy
Which therapeutic approach relies most heavily on patients' discovering their own ways of effectively dealing with their difficulties?
client-centered therapy
Psychologists with expertise in research, the assessment of psychological disorders, and the practice of psychotherapy are typically
clinical psychologists
Teaching people to stop blaming themselves for failures and negative circumstances beyond their control is of most direct concern to ________ therapists.
cognitive
An integrated therapy that aims to modify both self-defeating thinking and maladaptive actions is known as
cognitive behavior therapy
Experiencing physical symptoms, such as blindness or paralysis, that make no physiological sense is indicative of
conversion disorder
Systematic desensitization is a form of ________, which is a type of ________.
counterconditioning; behavior therapy
False beliefs of persecution that may accompany schizophrenia are called
delusions
Abnormally low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin are associated with
depression
Electroconvulsive therapy has proven to be effective in the treatment of
depression
Light exposure therapy was developed to relieve symptoms of
depression
Self-blaming attributions are most likely to be associated with
depression
Cognitive therapies have achieved especially favorable results in the treatment of
depression.
Dissociative disorders are most likely to be characterized by
disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity
Several weeks after being fired from a job he had held for more than 20 years, enrico awoke one morning in a state of bewildered confusion. He had little sense of who he was and even failed to recognize his wife. Enrico's experience is most indicative of
dissociative disorder
Exhibiting two or more distinct and alternating personalities is a symptom of a(n)
dissociative identity disorder.
ADHD is most clearly characterized by
distractibility
Schizophrenia is associated with an excess of receptors for
dopamine
Those with a histrionic personality disorder are most likely to display
dramatic, attention-getting behaviors.
An important component of psychoanalysis is
dream analysis
Some antidepressants block the reuptake or breakdown of both serotonin and another neurotransmitter, norepinephrine. These antidepressants are called
dual-action drugs.
Psychoanalytic interpretation is designed to promote
insight
A therapist suggests that Mr. Broshi continues to bite his fingernails because this behavior often reduced his feelings of anxiety in the past. The therapist's suggestion most clearly reflects a ________ perspective.
learning
A therapist suggests that Mr. Ozawa's fear of darkness can probably be traced back to his early childhood when he was occasionally beaten and locked up in a small, dark closet by an older brother. The therapist's suggestion most clearly reflects a ________ perspective.
learning
To identify genes that put people at risk for depression, researchers have used
linkage analysis.
Which psychosurgical procedure was designed to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients?
lobotomy
In terms of neurotransmitter levels, depression is associated with
low norepinephrine levels and low serotonin levels
Quinn, an 18-year-old college freshman, has missed almost all his classes during the past month. He spends most of his time in his bedroom, frequently not even bothering to get dressed or eat meals. He thinks his whole life has been a failure and blames himself for being a social misfit. Quinn is most likely suffering from
major depressive disorder.
The conception of psychological disorders as biologically based sicknesses is known as the
medical model
Statistical summaries of psychotherapy outcome studies indicate that
no single form of therapy proves consistently superior to the others.
Dual-action antidepressant drugs work by increasing the availability of
norepinephrine and serotonin.
Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible, enduring, and socially maladaptive behavior patterns are called _____ disorders
personality
Evidence that many DID patients have suffered abuse as children leads some psychologists to include dissociative disorders under the umbrella of
post traumatic stress disorder
Sigmund Freud introduced a form of psychotherapy known as
psychoanalysis
According to the ________ perspective, anxiety is sometimes produced by the submerged mental energy associated with repressed impulses.
psychoanalytic
Nate's past relationships with his mother, his former wife, and his previous employer have been characterized by common patterns of resentment and emotional detachment. Helping Nate gain insight into these recurring relationship patterns would be of greatest concern to a
psychodynamic therapist.
The study of the effect of drugs on mind and behavior is called
psychopharmacology
What do psychologists call personal strengths that help people cope with stress?
resilience
An abnormal shrinkage of cerebral tissue is most likely to be associated with
schizophrenia
Which group of severe disorders is characterized by disorganized thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions?
schizophrenia
Hallucinations and delusions are most likely to be experienced by those who suffer from
schizophrenia.
Alejandro is extremely shy and is so easily embarrassed when he is with other people that he often misses his college classes just to avoid social interactions. Alejandro appears to suffer from a(n)
social anxiety disorder.
Saul frequently feels like he has a lump in his throat that makes it difficult for him to speak or swallow. Medical examinations, however, indicate that there is no apparent physical cause for these symptoms. Saul appears to be suffering from a
somatic symptom disorder
A person attacked by a fierce dog develops a fear of all dogs. This best illustrates
stimulus generalization.
People often enter psychotherapy during a period of crisis in their lives. This helps us understand why they
tend to overestimate the effectiveness of their psychotherapy.
Which of the following is most likely to contribute to inflated estimates of the value of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing?
the placebo effect
Double-blind studies enable researchers to assess the extent to which drug therapy outcomes are attributable to
the placebo effect.
Therapy outcome studies indicate that highly religious people may prefer and benefit from
therapists with similar religious beliefs.