AP Psychology - Chapter 9 Multiple Choice

Which statement about STM is FALSE? a) It is encoded phonetically. b) It holds 5 to 9 "bits" of information. c) It is also called working memory. d) It is insensitive to interference.

It is insensitive to interference.

Which statement about LTM is TRUE? a) It is relatively permanent. b) It is encoded visually. c) It has a finite capacity. d) Both a and c are true.

It is relatively permanent.

Which of the following is FALSE concerning flashbulb memories? a) They are very detailed b) They occur after an emotionally significant event. c) They are usually accurate. d) People place great confidence in the accuracy of their flashbulb memories.

They are usually accurate.

Which of the following is NOT a step in the cognitive interview process? a) Say or write down everything that relates to the information b) Try to recall events in the correct order c) Recall from different viewpoints d) Mentally recreate the situation

Try to recall events in the correct order

Learning alters the _____ of brain cells. a) activity b) structure c) chemistry d) all of the above

all of the above

People with exceptional memories a) use memory strategies and techniques b) have special interest and knowledge that make certain types of information easier to recall c) have naturally superior memories d) all of the above

all of the above

Loftus and Palmer have shown that memories are a) usually accurate b) rarely altered c) long-lasting d) constructively processed

constructively processed

Remembering that "maison" sounds like "mason" and masons build house, concluding the word "maison" means "house" in French is an example of a) maintenance rehearsal b) elaborative rehearsal c) chunking d) recoding

elaborative rehearsal

Sensory information is changed into a usable form in order to enter short-term memory in the process of a) memory b) encoding c) storage d) retrieval

encoding

Forgetting because we never really formed the memory in the first place is termed a) encoding failure b) memory-trace decay c) interference d) repression

encoding failure

The old biographical show "This Is Your Life" was most like _____ memory, whereas "Jeopardy" uses _____ memory. a) procedural; declarative b) declarative; procedural c) episodic; semantic d) semantic; episodic

episodic; semantic

What part of the brain seems responsible for the formation of permanent memories? a) amygdala b) hypothalamus c) cerebellum d) hippocampus

hippocampus

A fleeting visual image that remains for about half a second after the original stimulus is gone is an a) icon b) echo c) imago d) illusion

icon

An elderly man, suffering from mild dementia, insists that he does not know how to use his TV remote (even though he has had it a long time). When told to "just push a button," he pushes the correct buttons to turn the TV on and change the channels. His memory for the skill of using the remote has become a) explicit b) implicit c) unlearned d) none of the above

implicit

Sandy visited her cousin Sharon in the psychiatric ward. After the visit, Sharon received an electroconvulsive shock treatment (ECS) for her severe depression. On the next visit, Sandy was surprised to find that Sharon remembered nothing of the previous visit. This is because the ECS a) frightened Sharon into repressing b) worsened the depression c) interfered with consolidation d) altered Sharon's attention system

interfered with consolidation

Which is most likely the explanation for forgetting in STM? a) encoding failure b) memory-trace decay c) interference d) repression

interference

Learning to stand aids a child with later learning how to walk. This is an example of a) positive transfer b) negative transfer c) interference d) repression

positive transfer

A person who was exposed to the word "same" 2 hours earlier is more likely to complete the word fragment SA _____ with the word "same." This is an example of a) exceptional memory b) priming c) relearning d) explicit memory

priming

Bill has to put his car in the shop and get a rental for a few days. His own car has the shift lever on the floor, but the rental has one on the wheel. When he first gets in the rental, he claws futilely at the floor. This illustrates which of the following concepts? a) proactive interference b) retroactive interference c) cue-dependent memory d) state-dependent memory

proactive interference

Which of the following refers to memories for skills such as tying shoes? a) redintegrative b) procedural c) declarative d) explicit

procedural

An essay test would require which type of retrieval? a) recall b) recognition c) relearning d) revision

recall

The network model of memory is supported by the phenomenon of _____ memory. a) redintegrative b) procedural c) declarative d) explicit

redintegrative

When Bill gets his own car back after several days of driving the rental, he finds himself reaching for the shift lever on the wheel instead of the floor. This illustrates which of the following concepts? a) proactive interference b) retroactive interference c) cue-dependent memory d) state-dependent memory

retroactive interference

If your textbook looks like it is "bleeding" yellow highlighter, you have probably violated which of the following methods for improving memory? a) recitation b) organization c) selection d) overlearning

selection

While at a party, you are introduced to a large number of people. Later you find you can only remember the names of the first few people and the last person you met. This illustrates the _____ effect. a) state-dependent learning b) selection c) serial position d) space practice

serial position

Information is transferred from sensory memory to _____ by means of _____. a) short-term memory; rehearsal b) long-term memory; selective attention c) short-term memory; selective attention d) long-term memory; rehearsal

short-term memory; selective attention

Ebbinghaus found that forgetting nonsense syllables was greatest a) after several days b) after several weeks c) shortly after learning d) after many years

shortly after learning

Sometimes you have to go back to the room in which you started to remember why you left it in the first place. This best illustrates a) proactive interference b) retroactive interference c) cue-dependent memory d) state-dependent memory

state-dependent memory

"My Very Excellent Mother Just Served Us Nine Pizzas" is a thing to remember the names of the planets in order and is an example of a) the keyword method b) forming a chain c) taking a mental walk d) using a system

using a system

Which of the following is NOT good advice for improving memory? a) Overlearn the material. b) Get a good night's sleep. c) Space out your practice sessions. d) Eat sparingly to maintain your "edge"

Eat sparingly to maintain your "edge."