AP1 Lab HW

Which class of acid will have an increased concentration in someone who is suffocating?

volatile acids

What happens to pH when PCO2 increases above 45 mm Hg?

pH will fall below 7.35.

What is the molecule labeled "1"? (The Citric Acid Cycle)

pyruvate

The given scenario can occur in a person having a panic attack. In the midst of the attack, which of the following compensatory mechanisms can help maintain pH within the normal range?

release of hydrogen ions by the buffer systems within body fluids

Which part of the neuron (a specialized nerve cell) receives signals from other cells and is also the main metabolic region of the neuron?

soma

Which epithelium, shown at the end of the arrow, is responsible for protection, secretion, and absorption?

stratified cuboidal

The epithelium of the esophagus is composed of which type of epithelial tissue?

stratified squamous epithelium

The carbon dioxide released by the lungs into the atmosphere was very likely produced within __________.

the citric acid cycle

Excessive diarrhea results in which of the following?

loss of bicarbonate, metabolic acidosis

How do the lungs respond to metabolic acidosis?

lungs increase respiratory rate

A patient is admitted to the hospital with the following plasma values: pH = 7.2, pCO2 = 25 mmHg, and HCO3 −− = 18 mEq/L. What is the acid base imbalance?

metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation

Diarrhea can lead to which acid/base disturbance? Assuming compensation, would it be a metabolic or respiratory compensation?

metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation

Starvation would cause which of the following acid-base conditions? Also, determine what type of compensation (metabolic or respiratory) there would be.

metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation

A patient is admitted to the hospital with the following plasma values: pH = 7.5, pCO2 = 45 mmHg, and HCO3 −− = 30 mEq/L. What is the acid-base imbalance?

metabolic alkalosis with no compensation

A friend has acid indigestion after eating a big meal. Which of the following would act as a buffer and help ease his pain?

milk of magnesia, with a pH of 10

In oxidative phosphorylation, energy for the synthesis of ATP is directly obtained from the

movement of hydrogen ions through channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane

Which of the following has the greatest capacity for pH change in the body?

renal system

A patient is admitted to the hospital with the following plasma values: pH = 7.2, pCO2 = 55 mmHg, and HCO3 −− = 30 mEq/L. What is the acid base imbalance?

respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation

Emphysema can lead to which acid/base disturbance? What would be the compensation?

respiratory acidosis; kidneys will retain more HCO3 −− and excrete H+

The proximal tubule of the nephron (kidney tubule) in the kidney is composed of which type of epithelium?

simple cuboidal epithelium

The wall of the alveolus (air sac) in the lung is composed of which type of epithelium?

simple squamous epithelium

Which of the three muscle cell types has multiple nuclei?

skeletal

Respiratory alkalosis is a result of _______.

too little carbon dioxide in the blood

Ketoacidosis is usually a result of _______.

uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

Which of the following occurs when water is released (lost) during a reaction?

dehydration synthesis

Which structure typically receives information from other neurons?

dendrite

Most of the ATP from metabolism is produced in the

electron transport system.

Too much carbon dioxide in the blood can be the result of _______.

emphysema

Exfoliative cytology involves the removal of epithelial cells for examination. Which of the following is NOT a clinical application of exfoliative cytology?

examination of cardiac muscle cells after a heart attack

What is the molecule labeled "3"? (The Citric Acid Cycle)

NADH

How is ATP used in our bodies?

The energy released from ATP is converted into kinetic energy to do work.

If a person exercises for a long time, lactic acid will start to build up in his or her muscles. Which of the following would you expect to happen as the lactic acid first starts to be formed?

Weak bases in the muscles will act as buffers and resist or minimize any pH change.

Which type of loose connective tissue provides padding, cushions shock, reduces heat loss, and stores energy? Where are some places in the body this type of tissue is commonly found? (Figure 4-11)

adipose tissue; deep to the skin at sides, buttocks, and breasts

The formation of carbonic acid from water and carbon dioxide is catalyzed by ______

carbonic anhydrase

Which muscle cell type has visible striations but is not under voluntary control?

cardiac

Oxygen is an important molecule in which of the following?

citric acid cycle and ETS

The energy stored in ATP comes from which of the following?

food molecules

During the citric acid cycle, both NAD and FAD ________ a hydrogen atom and become ________.

gain; reduced

Although other nutrients can feed into the citric acid cycle, ________ yields energy the quickest.

glucose

The energy produced from aerobic metabolism comes from what two sources? (Figure 25-5)

citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain

Alcohol is a toxic substance. Which organs are most affected by excessive alcohol use? brain stomach liver All of the listed responses are correct.

All of the listed responses are correct.

In "simple columnar epithelium," which word describes cell shape and which word describes the number of cell layers? (Figure 4-6)

columnar; simple

Dehydration due to dieting or sweating profusely by being out in the hot summer day on the beach will cause a major water loss. As a result, the concentration of solutes in the ECF can rise. Predict the outcome of this condition.

ECF becomes hypertonic relative to ICF and draws water out of the cells.

In exfoliative cytology, epithelial cells are removed and examined without any lasting damage to the tissue from which these cells are removed. Why is there usually NO lasting damage?

Epithelial tissue is capable of regeneration.

Respiratory acidosis is a result of ____

an increase in the H+ in the blood

Growth and repair involve primarily what type of reactions?

anabolic

Which surface attaches to the underlying epithelial cells or deeper tissues?

basal

What is the molecule labeled "2"? (The Citric Acid Cycle)

carbon dioxide

Which of the following is NOT one of the body's chemical buffering systems?

hydrochloride

Which of the following does NOT result in metabolic alkalosis?

hyperventilation

Which of the following is a renal response to acidosis?

increasing secretion of hydrogen ions

Which of the buffer systems shown in the picture buffers pH in the ICF and ECF?

protein buffer systems

A marked loss in strength and elasticity of connective tissue characterizes Marfan's syndrome. Which connective tissue component imparts strength and elasticity?

proteinaceous connective tissue fibers