AP2 Urinary quiz

Triangular area of the internal floor of the bladder which has an opening at each of its three angles two ureter and the urethra

Trigone

The most common metabolic waste product eliminated in the urine

Urea

The tube that carries the urine from the kidney to the bladder

Ureter

___acid is a type of metabolic waste that can help form kidney stones

Uric

The substance excreted to the outside of the body contains wastes excess water and excess electrolytes

Urine

Name of network of blood capillaries that surrounds the loop of Henle

Vasarecta

This structure funnels urine from the pyramids into the renal pelvis

Calyx

The outer most layer of the kidney is called the renal ____

Capsule

The rate of removal of a particular substance by the kidneys is called the plasma ____

Clearance

The ducts that gathers the filtrate from the nephrons and form the rays of the medulla

Collecting

A renal ____ is between two pyramids and contains blood vessels

Column

The renal ___ is composed of Bowman's capsule and the glomerulus

Corpuscle

The internal tissue layer next to the capsule of the kidney

Cortex

Na+ help glucose and amino acids move out of the tubule lumen into a tubule cell against there concentration gradients by a process known as ___

Cotransport

A system in which fluid flows in parallel tubes in the opposite direction and substances diffuse from one tube to the next so that the fluid in both tubes has nearly the same composition

Counter current

A waste product of nucleic of nucleic acids is ___

Creatine

The ___ sphincter of the urethra is made of voluntary skeletal muscle

External

This result when a condition interferes with the kidney and cause it not to function

Failure

The connective tissue that attaches the kidneys to the abdominal wall is called the renal ___

Fascia

Fluid that passes into Bowman's capsule through the filtration membrane is called the ___

Filtrate

Tuft of capillaries located in the renal corpuscle

Glomerulus

An inflammation especially of the great toe joint due to depositing of crystals of uric acid

Gout

The loop of ___ consists of a thick and thin limb and is between PCT and DCT

Henle

An inflammation of the kidney

Nephritis

The basic histological and functional unit of the kidney

Nephron

Steroid hormone of the adrenal gland that causes the reabsorption of sodium ions in the DDT

Aldosterone

The ___ limb of Henle actively transports Na Cl to the interstitial fluid thus helping to maintain the concentration gradient of the medulla

Ascending

The phenomenon by which a mechanism within an organ or tissue maintains a constant blood flow through that part even though the arterial blood pressure varies

Autoregulation

As the solute particles in the solution increase in number so does the ___ of the solution increase

Osmolality

Abbr. for the tubule that is closes to the renal corpuscle

PCT

The renal fat ___ acts as a protector and shock absorber for kidney

Pad

The apex of the pyramid is called the renal ___

Papilla

The urine collects in the renal ___ before it enters the ureter

Pelvis

The name given to the capillaries that surround the DCT and PCT

Peritubular

Specialized cells that have pedicels extensions that form filtration slits in Bowman's capsule

Podocytes

The filtration ___ is calculated by subtracting the sum of opposing forces from hydrostatic pressure of the glomerulus

Pressure

65% of the filtrate is reabsorbed as it passes through the ___ convoluted tubule

Proximal

The part of the kidney medulla that contains the collecting ducts and loops of Henle

Pyramid

___ is the movement of substance from the filtrate back into the blood

Reabsorption

The portion of the cardiac output that goes to the kidney is called the __ fraction

Renal

Released from the juxta glomerulus apparatus when BP drops

Renin

Term used for the fact that the kidneys are behind the parietal peritoneum against the deep muscles of the back

Retroperitoneal

The active transport of a substance into the nephron tubule

Secretion

The pedicles of podocytes form filtration ___ in the filtration membrane

Slit

Parasympathetic nerve impulses causes the relaxing of the internal and external ___ muscles in the urethra

Sphincter

Kidney ___ are hard objects that are usually found in the pelvis of the kidney

Stones

The ___ arteriole is larger than the efferent arteriole

Afferent

The hormone secreted by the kidneys that controls RBC formation

Erythropoietin

The hormone necessary for the water reabsorption in the DCT

ADH

The organ the urine collects in before it leaves the body

Bladder

Abbr. for the tubule that is farthest from the renal corpuscle

DCT

The epithelium of this limb of the loop of Henle is thin and lacks microvilli and very permeable

Descending

Name of the smooth muscle that makes up the urinary bladder wall

Detrusor

Reabsorption is controlled by hormonal action on the ___ convoluted tubules

Distal

An increased production of the urine

Diuresis

A substance that causes an increased production of urine

Diuretic

The ___ arteriole (leads away from glomerulus) is smaller in diameter than the afferent arteriole thus increasing filtration pressure

Efferent

An inability to control urination and/or defecation reflexes

Incontinence

A polysaccharide used to calculate the glomerular filtrate rate

Inulin

Secretes renin when the blood pressure is too low

Juxtaglomerular

The type of nephron responsible for concentration urine because it has loops of Henle extending deep into the medulla

Juxtamedullary

Bean shaped organs located in superior posterior abdomen

Kidney

The descending ___ of Henle is very permeable to water

Limb

Special cells in the distal convoluted tubule that help form the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Maculadensa

The part of the kidney that contains the pyramids and columns

Medulla

The filtration ___ is composed of fenestrated capillaries basement membrane and podocytes

Membrane

The process of eliminating urine from the bladder

Micturition